Homework Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Schoolwork - Coursework Example The four perspectives comprehensively helped shape the American culture. For instance, marriage and female family life were delineated as essential objective for the American lady related to exceptional strict reestablishment. The media gave a stage through which the different viewpoints were spread. Strict pioneers were additionally vital in the American culture. For instance, Evangelist Billy Graham was a profound guide to a few United States’ Presidents (Kutler 96) The guarantees that were made by Kennedy were an assault on neediness, just as developing the economy. The guarantees were totally equipped towards financial reproduction. He vowed to move enactments to make sure that he accomplished these objectives and was moved particularly by the edgy conditions he saw when he battled in Appalachia, in 1960. After securing the administration, he helped push neediness onto the national plan where he won a $2 billion urban-country recharging program (Kutler 77). He was killed in 1963 and his guarantees were acknowledged by his replacement by the name of Lyndon B. Johnson who moved for the establishment of the Civil Rights of 1964 and the Economic Opportunity Act that underscored on unqualified war on

Soda Ash Experiment free essay sample

To decide the proficiency of a titrimetric and potentiometric strategy while deciding the carbonate in soft drink debris, both a t-test and f-test were performed. The t-test demonstrated exactness among techniques and the f-test demonstrated no distinction in accuracy. Presentation Soda debris is a white anhydrous material that be found in either powder or granular structure and it contains 99% sodium carbonate when shipped[i] (1). Soft drink debris fills a need in the assembling of numerous monetarily significant items, for example, the assembling of glass, synthetics, paper, cleansers and different items. Soft drink debris has been utilized dating right back to 3500 BC by the Egyptians. The Egyptians had the option to use soft drink debris then in the creation of glass and afterward as a fixing in drugs and breads by the Romans (1). Today, most of the world’s soft drink debris originates from trona mineral, which is for the most part found in the Green River Basin, once in the past known as the Gosiute Lake, situated in southwest Wyoming. We will compose a custom exposition test on Soft drink Ash Experiment or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The Green River bowl is really an ancient soluble lakebed that provisions this immense measure of trona metal (1). With glass fabricating being the biggest utilization of pop debris, it erves exceptionally high significance in the creation of compartments, fiberglass protection or level glass for lodging business building and car industries[ii] (2). Not exclusively is the utilization of pop debris in glass fabricating significant, however it is likewise used to clean the air and mellow water (2). With the entirety of the new emerging worries with the earth with discharges in the air, the interest for soft drink debris has expanded. This is so in light of the fact that soft drink debris can be utilized to evacuate sulfur dioxides and hydrochloric corrosive from stack gases present in the air (2). Since sodium carbonate has a solid base, it is ordinarily used to kill acidic impacts so when a picture taker were to create film, he would utilize soft drink debris to balance out the basic condition or an individual who possesses a pool would utilize it as an added substance to synthetically kill the water since chlorine makes the pool acidic (1). Soft drink debris has a high pH in concentrated arrangements and can bother the eyes, respiratory tract and skin. It ought to under no condition be ingested in light of the fact that soft drink debris can consume the stomach lining (1). In the investigation that was led Na? CO? eacted with 0. 09356 M hydrochloric corrosive. Techniques In the initial segment of this lab, around 1. 855g of sodium carbonate was gauged and placed in the broiler to dry at a temperature of 110 degrees Celsius for 2 hours. To a limited extent B, a 1 L arrangement of 0. 1 M HCl from 12. 0 M concentrated HCl was made to fill in as the titrant for the lab. Try not to dispose of the arrangement since it is utilized for the two pieces of the lab. Play out a harsh titration of the dried standard Na? CO? with 0. 1M HCl to normalize the arrangement. The size of the example weighed out ought to be sufficient to kill around 25 mL of 0. M HCl. On a diagnostically gauged balance gauge one example of the dried essential standard sodium carbonate into a 125mL Erlenmeyer jar. Weaken the example with 25mL of de-ionized water and afterward include about 4-5 drop of pointer Methyl Orange and titrate the answer for a point preceding the endpoint. Tenderly warmth the example arrangement on a hotplate in the smoke hood until buildup shows up around the neck of the carafe to remove broke down CO? from the example. Cool the arrangement in an ice shower and wrap up the around 0. 1 M HCl into the example. A modest quantity of titrant is expected to arrive at the endpoint. Dependent on the R esteem acquired from the unpleasant titration, precisely gauge three additional examples and rehash the titration. This information will be utilized to figure the specific centralization of the HCl arrangement. To a limited extent C, titrating the obscure, precisely weigh around 0. 2g of dried obscure into a 125 mL Erlenmeyer jar and afterward include 25mL of de-ionized water and 4-5 drops of marker (same as utilized in the unpleasant). With a similar system utilized in the normalization, titrate to not long before the endpoint. Based off the R esteem from the unpleasant titration of the obscure, precisely gauge 3 additional examples and rehash the titration. In the second piece of this lab, utilize a pH meter to titrate the obscure sodium carbonate. The teacher will help in setting up and adjusting a Vernier pH meter. The pH meter is adjusted with two support arrangements with a pH of 4. 01 and the other with a pH of 10. 00. Dependent on the determined R esteem from part C precisely gauge two examples of the dried obscure sodium carbonate into two 150mL measuring glasses. Include 25mL of de-ionized water to the principal test and spot the anode in the arrangement just as a teflon mix bar and glass mixing pole and spot on a mix plate. Record the underlying volume of the HCl in the buret and cautiously titrate with HCl until the pH is between 6. 0 and 6. 5. Be cautious on the grounds that the pH meter will in general slack. When the objective pH is accomplished quit including HCl and record the volume of the buret. Expel the example measuring glass from the mix plate and put the cathode in a container loaded up with warm water. Warm the answer for a couple of moments on a different hot plate to remove broke up CO?. Cool in an ice shower and come back to the mix plate. Record pH, first information point, and keep on including augmentations of HCl until a pH of 2. 5 is accomplished. Be certain not to include any de-ionized water after the primary pH point is recorded. At the point when finished there ought to be 30-40 information focuses. Rehash for the subsequent example. Results Table 1: Mass of the obscure Na? CO? to decide carbonate in soft drink debris based off titrimetric strategy (Part C) Titration |Starting mass of gauge jug and obscure Na? CO? | |46. 848% Na? CO? |51. 933% Na? CO? | |46. 5879% Na? CO? |50. 564% Na? CO? | |46. 7083% Na? CO? | |47. 0692% Na? CO? | |46. 6548% Na? CO? | |46. 7396% Na? CO? |

Why Coughing May Occur After You Quit Smoking

Why Coughing May Occur After You Quit Smoking Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal Print Coughing After You Quit Smoking By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 07, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 12, 2019 Verywell / JR Bee More in Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Although coughing is not a common symptom of withdrawal from smoking cigarettes, some ex-smokers do develop a cough early on in smoking cessation for a short period of time.?? The reason for this usually has to do with the cilia in our lungs.   Cigarette smoke paralyzes and damages thousands of tiny hair-like projections in our lungs called cilia. When you stop smoking, cilia start to function again, which can prompt you to cough. The Function of Cilia in Lungs Cilia are a protective barrier between the outside world and the delicate tissue of the lungs. The bronchial tubes in healthy lungs are lined with a thin coating of mucus and cilia. Moving back and forth in unison, cilia clean house by sweeping inhaled pollutants that have been trapped in the mucus layer  back out of the body.?? Once the mucus reaches the throat, its either coughed/spit out or swallowed. This work done between cilia and the mucus layer in lungs protects us from a host of respiratory infections and diseases. How Smoking Affects Cilia Cigarette smoke is made up of thousands of chemicals that have damaging effects on the lungs. It also leaves a sticky yellow coating called tar on everything it touches, including a smokers teeth, fingers, clothing and furniture, and the inside of the lungs. In the lungs, the buildup of tar shuts down the motion of cilia and causes inflammation in the airways, prompting excess mucus production. With the lungs natural defense system neutralized, toxic particles in cigarette smoke and other inhaled dust, dirt, and germs stay in the lungs,?? putting smokers at risk for chest infections and respiratory diseases like chronic bronchitis and lung cancer. Smoking Cessation-Related Coughing When you stop smoking, cilia gradually start functioning again and the lungs begin the work of moving trapped toxins up and out.?? This might cause a cough that could last for the first couple of months of smoking cessation until cilia have fully recovered. If you are concerned about your cough, how long it is lasting, or any other symptom you experience when you quit smoking, dont hesitate to check in with your doctor to have it evaluated. What You Can Do for  Your Cough While you dont want to necessarily reduce the productive quality of the cough because it is helping to rid the lungs of tobacco pollutants, there are a few things you can do to soothe your throat and help the process along: Stay hydrated by drinking water, juice, and tea.  Teas with licorice root are an especially good choice as licorice root is a natural expectorant  that also  soothes the throat.??Use a humidifier in your home, especially if you live in a dry environment.  It will help to loosen mucus and allow for a productive cough.??Ease your tender throat with a tablespoon of honey one to three times a day. It coats and soothes raw throats nicely. Warning Signs of Something More Serious If you experience any of the following symptoms, schedule an appointment with your doctor as soon as possible, as there may be something more serious than cilia recovery going on: Shortness of Breath???: Struggling to catch your breath after little or no exertion, or feeling that it is difficult to breathe in and out.Wheezing???: Noisy breathing may be a sign of inflammation in your airway.Blood in Sputum: Coughing up flecks or streaks of blood in phlegm. A Word From Verywell Nicotine withdrawal can produce a number of discomforts that may be intense, but they are temporary and signs of healing from the damage that tobacco has inflicted. Do some reading about what you can expect as you recover from nicotine addiction, and connect with other ex-smokers  for support that will help you go the distance with smoking cessation. Its worth the work it takes, and the benefits are undeniable.

Gun Control And The Second Amendment - 1179 Words

The United States of America is one of the very few countries in the world that allows their citizens to bear arms. The right to bear arms traces back all the way to the times of the 13 colonies. The Second Amendment has been up for many debates, especially in the recent light of mass shootings in the US. But does the entire removal and ban of firearms really work? Gun control and the second amendment has been a never ending conflict between politicians. As we look further into gun control there are more draw backs for the citizens than benefits. The Second Amendment was ratified to the US Constitution on December 17, 1791 by Congress. The Second Amendment states â€Å"A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. The Second Amendment draws its influence and roots back to the English Bill of Rights of 1689. The English Bill of Rights was established to give an individual a natural right of self-defense. The English Bill was born in order to resolve two major conflicts. One of the two issue during the time of English politics, was the power the King of England had, in which he could govern the country and empire without the permission of Parliaments. The Second Issue was the powerful influence and role of the Catholics. King James II of England had stripped its citizens mainly Protestants the right to bear arms. King James II also wanted to keep a permanent army. The bill would beShow MoreRelatedGun Control And The Second Amendment1391 Words   |  6 Pages In the Constitution, the second amendment gives the American people to have the right to possess and bear arms. This amendment has been the most controversial issue since guns have been around. Issues such as gun control and gun ownership have remained a matter of debate and have been floating around in Congress. It has been rumored that Congress is forced to draft certain legislation in order to come up with a law against unlawful use of arms, and only owning them for safety purposes. When it comesRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesThe second amendment has always been deeply rooted in the American culture and constitution. The amendment states A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Being able to protect ourselves, gives us Americans a peace of mind, but now-a-days people are thinking otherwise. Being able to access a firearm so easily without a thorough deep background/mental health check is un-nerving. In the last twoRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment1166 Words   |  5 Pagesterrible about the Second Amendment; because pro-gun zealots use the Second Amendment to protect their immoral actions, but this is their twisted and corrupted interpretation on the meaning and intent of the Amendment because this is in no way the original premise of the Second Amendment. The right to bear arms laid out in the Second Amendment is just because guns are weapons for self-defense. Precautions are taken on gun control, such as keeping a permanent record of all gun sales, requiring a licenseRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesGuns, Guns, Guns. In today’s news Gun Control, has become a controversial topic. I have heard many people say that, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people†. So, do we need gun control? People talk because they have mouths, they don’t know the extent about gun violence. About half of the country’s population is for / against gun control. Consistently, the media outlets are reporting shootings, that is accidental or intentional whichever way it is trending across the United States. Stronger gunRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment994 Words   |  4 Pagescrimes take place every second and there is nothing we can do about it. Not only that, but, with the dramatic rise in mass shootings in our nation comes a compelling division between political and legal agendas predicated on the Second Amendment. I want to emphasize that every single crime is violent whether is involves a handgun, knife or nothing at all. Everyone in our nation knows the law and it is the offenders choices to break it and harm others. With that being said, guns dont kill people, butRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment1850 Words   |  8 PagesWhenever the Second Amendment is discussed, gun control is usually the focus of the discussion due to the connections that gun control and the Second Amendment have. Although the Second Amendment protects the individual right to firearms, the unlimited right is not. America was founded through guns, using their own arms to fight the British in order to gain independence, making it natural for America to be heavily focused on guns. However, many people have abused the wea pon, making the controversialRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment Essay1981 Words   |  8 Pages Gun Control has been a controversy for as long as people can remember. This Controversy has increased recently due to the mass shootings taken place all over the United States. Gun control has its pros and cons, Some believe â€Å"Gun control laws state that the Second Amendment was intended for militias; that gun violence would be reduced; that gun restrictions have always existed; and that a majority of Americans, including gun owners, support new gun restrictions.†While others say that the SecondRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment922 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a long debate to determine if it’s better to have stricter access to firearms. America is one of the few countries that has gun rights embedded in their constitution. But what makes the US exceptional is that it has the right to keep and bear arms, other countries do not provide the right to have access to them, but rather, the government is allowed to regulate its use. The right to b ear arms has also been the cause of growing violence and crime, at least according to anti-gunRead MoreGun Control and the Second Amendment2364 Words   |  10 PagesThe Second Amendment to the Constitution says, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed† (Agresti, 2009, para. 2). Based on a simple reading of this, it would seem that people do have the right to own and use firearms. So why are so many people trying to ban guns? Maybe it is because they do not understand what the Second Amendment actually means. Maybe it is because the media only reportsRead MoreThe Second Amendment And Gun Control928 Words   |  4 Pagesothers’ view of our own person are sometimes just as or more important. In reference to the Second Amendment and gun control, the author, Saul Cornell, makes a case for how sometimes every group can think they are the ones in the right, but at the same time, every group can ultimately be in the wrong. It is important to think of not just right or wrong and the rights given to citizens by the Second Amendment to the Constitution, but to think back deeper into history as well and what helped to found

Legal And Ethical Issues Regarding Organ Donation - 849 Words

There are as many as 4,500 people waiting for an organ donation to save or significantly improve their life. In 2012, there were 2,124 lucky Canadians who received an organ transplant and an unfortunate 256 people who died while waiting (Government of Canada, 2013), which leaves 2,120 waiting for a transplant each year. â€Å"Composer David Foster pushed ‘presumed consent’ for organ donations† by Grant, suggests that Canada moves to an opt-out organ donation system to improve donation rates. I understand that there are a lot of legal and ethical issues regarding organ donation but I believe that an opt-out program will help improve the donation rates. Organ donations have an impact on nursing because nurses are the ones caring for the potentially very sick/dying patients as well as educating/supporting the families in their decision making process to either accept or donate an organ (Aulisio, DeVita, Luebke, 2007). First, transplants reduce healthcare costs and t he demand for nurses to specialize in certain fields or be trained to use specific equipment. For example, to keep an individual on dialysis costs $90,000 a year, where a transplant costs $100,000 for the surgery and then $20,000 for immunosuppressive drugs a year. By people who have kidney failure receiving a transplant they are saving $250,000 over the first five years. This means that fewer nurses and healthcare teams will have to be as strained to provide dialysis to sick individuals and the wait lists will beShow MoreRelatedOrgan Trafficking1465 Words   |  6 PagesGAC015 Assessment Event 4: Academic Research Essay Organ Trafficking Students Name: Mary Jin Student ID #: JPCH21571 Teacher: John Due Date: 2013.2.25 Word Count: 1164 Question: In many countries organ trafficking is illegal, yet the incidence is on the increasing. Examine the legal, ethical and sociological issues involved in procuring human organs for transplant operations, comparing two countries with very different approaches. Read MoreEthical and Legal Concerns for Emergency Room Physicians Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesThere are unique ethical and legal obligations of the Emergency Room Physician. Commonly faced issues include patient â€Å"dumping†, organ donation, and Do-Not Resuscitate orders. These issues have ethical and legal considerations for the Emergency Room Physician in regards to their responsibilities and actions. The ethical right for individuals to have access to health care already has a form of legal binding within the United States as seen in the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor ActRead MoreFree Market For Human Organs1329 Words   |  6 PagesMarket for Human Organs This paper introduces the consequences of allowing a free market for human organs and how it will help alleviate the shortage for such items, which has arisen a social problem worldwide, giving entry to black markets. A description of the market for living organ donors and cadaveric organs can be found below along with the advantages, disadvantages, and ethical issues these markets arise in modern society. This paper also discusses how the shortage of human organs has createdRead MoreOrgan Donation And The Ethical Implications1441 Words   |  6 Pagesbecoming an organ donor can save lives and improve the quality of life of the recipient. When an individual is in need of an organ transplant, it is typically known that they are in need of an organ that facilitates a restoration of physiological functioning and will often mean the difference between life and death. A vast majority of individuals are apprehensive about what happens to their bodies after their death. In this paper we w ill go through the origins and history of organ donation, the processRead MoreEssay on Organ Donation1638 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent process of procuring organs for transplantation. It will also explore technology on the horizon and alternates to donation. The waiting list for transplant surgery far exceeds the current supply. Black Market organ trade in this, as well in foreign countries is alive and well. Donation is not able to keep up with demand. We have to take measures to ensure those in the most need are taken care of. We already allow people to sell eggs, sperm and blood why not other organs? I will attempt to showRead MoreOrgan Donations after Death730 Words   |  3 PagesOrgan Donations after Death The process of gift giving is the act in which someone voluntarily offers a present for someone else, without compensation. Across all nations, people in need of transplants sit on a waiting list while the war on organ donation ethics continues. After death, one person can help as many as eight people by donating their organs. Organ transplantations raise singularly difficult ethical in its requirements in its obligation for donated organs. Mandatory organ donationsRead MoreEthics and Organ Donation1598 Words   |  7 PagesPaper Ethical Issues Related to Organ Donations In 1983 Dr H Barry Jacobs, a physician from Virginia, whose medical license had been revoked after a conviction for Medicare mail-fraud, founded International Kidney Exchange, Ltd. He sent a brochure to 7,500 American hospitals offering to broker contracts between patients with end-stage-renal-disease and persons willing to sell one kidney. His enterprise never got off the ground, but Dr Jacobs did spark an ethical debate that resultedRead MoreOrgan Donation Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagesthe boundaries on what it can do to prevent loss of life where possible. One example is the area of organ donation and transplantation. However, unlike many other technologies or procedures which can be built, manufactured, or learned, organ transplantation requires one thing that we can’t create yet: an organ itself. Because our increased life span causes more people to require a replacement organ when theirs starts to fail, the demand has far outrun the supply and the future only loo ks to get worseRead MoreThe Ethical And Legal Issues Of Healthcare1680 Words   |  7 PagesFiguring out how to allocate limited quantities of medications and donor organs is among the largest ethical and legal issues in healthcare. There is a concern as to whether or not there will be enough medications to go around in the future and how will these limited quantities be distributed. When shortages happen it is usually because economic incentive for a manufacturer is down. Money is king and if there is no profit to be made in manufacturing these medications then manufactures will notRead MoreThe Death Of A Transplant Organ Transplant Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesStates are on the waiting list to receive a lifesaving organ transplant. Every 10 minutes a new name is added to the transplant waiting list and on average around 20 people die per day due to a lack of organ availability. The consistent high demand for organs and the shortage of donors in the United States has prompte d a complex discussion on ways to close the gap. China, for example, has found a solution. They use death-row inmate’s organs for transplant operations. A report from an international

Pakistans Relationship with IMF and World Bank Essay

Pakistans Relationship with IMF and World Bank My topic deals with Pakistan, its relationship with the IMF and World Bank, and its internal problems that are causing unemployment, poverty, economic crisis and hunger. I shall be analyzing the situation using the neo-classical theory, as it is what the economists of the Pakistan government and the IMF are using to alleviate the economic instability of the country. Situated in the sub-continent, Pakistan is a low-income country, with great promise for growth. Unfortunately, it is held back from reaching middle-income status by chronic problems like a rapidly growing population, sizable government deficits, a heavy dependence on foreign aid, recurrent governmental instability†¦show more content†¦This is a great illustration of a theme discussed in â€Å"World Hunger, Twelve Myths.’ Lappe, Collins, Rosset and Esparza discuss the commonly believed myths about why hunger and poverty exist. In it they clarify this very important point: hunger does not exist due to a shortage of available food, but because of ‘fear’ and ‘powerlessness,’ resulting in the ‘anguish, grief and humiliation’ felt by the hungry and poverty stricken. Pakistan is a classic example of this theory. Based on a feudal system, especially in agriculture, Pakistani society is primarily controlled by feudal overlords, (a.k.a. the politicians or relatives of politicians), who own or oversee most of the agrarian land and industrial base. Being above the law, due to their political influence, these corrupt people can literally get away with murder. Thus, keeping their laborers subdued and underpaid is no hard task. Anyone who dares to complain is used as an ‘example’ for potential future unrest. As a result, the people in their ‘elakhas’, (controlled lands), remain destitute in the throes of poverty, unable to help themselves due to their lack of power and the fear of the ‘thekedars’, (large landowners). By a lack of power, I refer not to a dearth of physical prowess but to a scarcity of basic human rights. These are the same rights that people in developed countries take for granted. The right to vote for whomever one feelsShow MoreRelatedGlobalization And Its Impact On Pakistan s Economy978 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact on Pakistan’s economy Submitted to: Miss Ayesha Submitted by: Syeda Fatima Nadir Semester: 6 Major: Economics Introduction: Globalisation is the process of international unification that arises from the exchange of world views, ideasRead MoreForeign Direct Investment Into Pakistan977 Words   |  4 PagesThe dissertation topic will focus on the importance of foreign direct investment into Pakistan’s Economy and will also focus around the causes of foreign direct investment. The report will look into three different perspectives such as, the effects on FDI pre and post 9/11, investment in different sectors of industry and the importance of investing countries in terms of contributing towards developing Pakistan’s infrastructure or helping financially to fight the ‘War against terror’. Moreover, theRead MoreBussiness in Pakistan1686 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment, supports a relatively low-income population. †¢ In addition to the need to eliminate terrorist violence in Pakistan, the government must continue to work to strengthen the legal system and transparency in gov ernment to increase growth in Pakistan’s economy and industry. Very Low Very High Political Risk Moderate Low High Very Low Very High Financial System Risk Moderate Low High Very Low Very High For information on companies followed Market Outlooks CopyrightRead MoreImpact of Globalization on Pakistan Economy8194 Words   |  33 PagesInternational Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 5; [Special Issue -March 2011] Illusive and Regressive Globalization: Issues and Challenges for Pakistan’s Economy Muhammad Iqbal Anjum Assistant Professor International Institute of Islamic Economics, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan E-mail: miqbalanjum@iiu.edu.pk Abstract In a mesmerizing scenario of the aura of glamorous globalization, Pakistan has entered the 21st century with ambivalent presentiment of hopeRead MorePolitical Instability and Its Effects on Pakistans Economy7176 Words   |  29 PagesOverview of Pakistan’s Economy Pakistan was a very poor and predominantly agricultural country when it gained independence in 1947. Pakistans average economic growth rate since independence has been higher than the average growth rate of the world economy during the period. Average annual real GDP growth rates were 6.8% in the 1960s, 4.8% in the 1970s, and 6.5% in the 1980s. Average annual growth fell to 4.6% in the 1990s with significantly lower growth in the second half of that decade. FarmingRead MoreInternational Foundation Course : Economics Option2274 Words   |  10 Pagesbeen affected by globalization?† Globalization is a worldwide trending phenomenon for the past century that has affected millions of lives in many different ways. Cambridge English dictionary defines globalization as â€Å"the increase of trade around the world, especially by large companies producing and trading goods in many different countries† . Globalization has many facets and may have implications economically, socially, politically, technologically and culturally; it affects each country and individualRead MoreForeign Investment in Pakistan2535 Words   |  10 Pagescountries who are interested in funding several projects in Pakistan. China is a mechanism of investment growth in Asia. Though China and Pakistan are comparatively weak in relations of field of investment but still they have strong strategic relationship. China has been to make stupendous investment in Pakistan. If such investment takes place in Pakistan, it will be an eye opener; the amount is nearly US$22 Billion. During Musharraf’s era, Pakistan Railway was being provided with locomotives. PakistanRead MorePak Us Relations7976 Words   |  32 PagesPLEBISCITE: On  2nd November 1947  speaking on all Indian Radio Pundit Jawaharlal Lal Nehru said, â€Å"Fate of State of Jammu Kashmir is ultimately to be decided by the people. The pledge we have given not only to people of  Kashmir  but also to the world. We will not and cannot back out of it†. The United Nations resolutions of  August 13, 1948  and  January 5, 1949, proposed the plebiscite option for resolving the  Kashmir  dispute. These resolutions laid down the principles and procedures for aRead MorePakistan: Recent Economic Developments and Future Prospects6221 Words   |  25 Pagesdoes one see a positive story appearing about Pakistan’s remarkable economic turnaround. But the fact of the matter is that despite such negative image Pakistan is one of the favored destinations for foreign direct investment. Foreign direct investment flows have surged by 95 percent during July – February 2007 and are expected to touch $ 5 billion or 3.5 percent of GDP – several times higher than FDI flows to our large neighbor in relative terms. Pakistan’s international bond issues and equity floatationsRead MoreLeather Industry in Pakistan17708 Words   |  71 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 INTRODUCTION 11 a. OVERVIEW OF THE LEATHER INDUSTRY 12 b. CATEGORIES OF LEATHER INDUSTRY 14 c. TANNED LEATHER 15 d. PAKISTAN’S LEATHER INDUSTRY 17 CONTRIBUTION AND IMPORTANCE OF LEATHER INDUSTRY TO PAKISTAN ECONOMY 17 e. CONTRIBUTION OF LEATHER INDUSTRY TO ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN 17 f. LEATHER PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN THE ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN 21 g. PAKISTAN’S TRADING PARTNERS 22 h. EXPORTS OF LEATHER 22 i. GLOBAL IMPORTS 30 STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY 30 j. LEATHER GARMENTS 30 k. LEATHER GLOVES

Classical Wrestling free essay sample

Vladicavcasian Humanitarian Lyceum THE REPORT OF THE PUPIL OF THE 7 FORM Uruimagov Kazbek Vladicavkas 2004. Introduction This summer Hasan Boroev, my uncle # 8217 ; s adherent, became the best grappler in the Greek-Roman category, in the universe. And I decided to compose a study on this subject. Because I was proud of my uncle and I decided to state you about this unfamous sort of athletics in our democracy. While happening the information I decided to do my subject wider. And began happening information about all old athleticss we had in our little democracy. I # 8217 ; ve found such athleticss as: wrestle, Equus caballus equitation, bike athletics and so on. Today I want to state you about them. I # 8217 ; m certain you # 8217 ; ll go interested. The first grappler The first grappler At the beginning of our sencury in Russia he name of the great osetian grappler Temirbolat Dudarovich Kanukov was celebrated. This # 8220 ; bogatyr # 8221 ; developed remarkably. Before he was 1 twelvemonth old, he was really little, lame and delicate. Then he began to turn rapidly. When he was 10 old ages old he worked with his male parent cutting trees in the wood. And when he was 5 old ages old he worked with logs himself. When Bola was 15, he was 2m 24sm long and weighed 200 kilogram. Temirbolat ( Bola ) Dudarovich Kanukov was called # 8220 ; Kazbek # 8221 ; a mountain. Bola was really sort and uncunning. His neighbours frequently made him take tests in his strength. And Bola easy managed to go through them. His household wasn # 8217 ; t large a married woman, a girl and an adoptive boy Vasiliy. Bola adapted him when Vasiliy was 2,5 old ages old. He loved him non less than a girl. It was difficult to conceal such large adult male in a little small town of Koban, and Temirbolat didn # 8217 ; Ts like to sit in his mountain nest. Bola asked his male parent and went to Vladicavcas, where the Turkish circus was demoing its fast ones, and asked the bast grappler to hold a lucifer, with Bola. He easy won the # 8220 ; butcher # 8221 ; . Therefore Temirbolat became a circus grappler. He liked to wrestle in parterre. Confronting Bola his challenger couldn # 8217 ; t stand on his legs. In 1904 Bola Kanukov became a professional grappler and played on the circus arena more than 10 old ages. He didn # 8217 ; Ts have any technique, but he won his challengers with the aid of strength and bravery. He won many celebrated grapplers. Last clip Bola wrestled in 1917 in Baku. It was separating and that # 8217 ; s why the hardest lucifer. It is adequate to state that his challengers were universe title-holders. When he won last lucifer he bowed standing on the saint point of sphere, which was little for him. He stayed in the wrestling history as a really strong adult male. Temirbolat died with unusual decease. He lay on the dry land. After the storm he couldn # 8217 ; t base, he was brought to the house ailment. He lay in bed for 3weeks and died. Bola was bored in Mayskoe small town. In 1934 his girl died. During the Great Patriotic War Vasiliy, his adoptive boy, fought and died as a hero. History There is no uncertainty that the triumphs of grapplers in free manner were caused chiefly by the fact that the most portion of future title-holders came from classical wrestling the great freers coach Aslanbek Zaharovich Dzgoev used to reiterate: Classic is ever authoritative . As a Peculiar illustration of osetian grapplers, of classical manner, we may name Temirbolat Kanukov. The glorification of his strength was rumbling in all state. Before the Great Patriotic War Kermen and Peter Tukkaevs, Peter Andiev, Mustafa Nakov and others glittered on the sphere. Nakov became a bronzy title-holder of USSR in 1939. At that clip it was really perfect. Viktor Pavlov won non less. Since 1924 to 1941 cipher could win him in the democracy and in the whole Caucasus. Later Victor Radionovich started to train and fix a great figure of good grapplers between them there are A. Tukkaev, A. Makoev, V. Gacolaev and others. Great was a portion to the development of classical wrestle of Michael Ogladze. His grapplers Peter Andiev, Boris Burnacev became the Caucasic title-holders non one time. But the particular prosperity of classical wrestle came at the terminal of 50th at the beginning of 60th, many fantastic sportswomans won many international and USSR competitions between them are Kermen Samenov s, Michael Ogladze s and Aslan Dzgoev s grapplers # 8212 ; victors of RSFSR competitions of many old ages. And Anatoly Kirov, which came to Vladicavkas to analyze, while he was here he won a universe title. Tauzbek Dzahsorov, Boris Abaev, Tamir Marzaganov, Boris Basiev and Shaukuz Dzarasov had both good methods in free and in classical manner. We can call many good grapplers in ulterior clip, between them there are the Sumenov brothers, and Sidakov brothers. There were different minutes in the history of classical wrestle. It was celebrated and non. But in all times there were work forces, who didn # 8217 ; t allow this sort of athletics disappear between them Aslanbek Hamurov, Emzar Karalidze and Vladimir Uruimagov are chiefly due to his attempts late this sort of athleticss has got the increasing popularity. For a long clip in our democracy was merely one school, which was headed by Robert Gouchmazov. Today specializers talk about immature Osetian bogatyrs # 8221 ; such as Nart Camakaev, Denis Forov, Anzor Totrov, Valery Cuckuev and Hasan Baroev, became twice Russian title-holder and universe title-holder in immature class of 97kg. In this weight Vladimir Uruimagov became an USSR title-holder, and now he trains Hasan. Became Alexander Dulaev, Rastislav Budtuev, became Russian victors, and now it is Hasan s bend. At the age of 17 he became a maestro of athletics in buttocks at Greece-Roman wrestling manner. In 2001 Hasan changed weight class for l20 kilogram. In this class Alexander Karelin won his contemporariess in Russia and in the universe, and in 2002 he won Denis Forov who won European competition. In 2003 Hasan won Rulon Gardner, who won Alexander Karelin on Olympic Games. Presents The following # 8220 ; Congress # 8221 ; of the best grapplers in our planet took topographic point in the suburb of Gallic capital in Kretey. There were more people that in the last old ages, as the monetary value of the Olympic wins became higher. It # 8217 ; s interesting that the gold decorations went to five states. And merely Russia has two the valuablest unit of ammunitions. The universe proud to our state, brought Hasan Boroev and Aleksey Glushkov. But unluckily squad has the 2nd topographic point. It # 8217 ; s strange that in four classs our grapplers have no topographic point in Olympic Games. Hasan Baroev the youngest universe title-holder in the history of wrestlering.Paris was beautiful in that dark. Our managers were walking on its street and exulted # 8211 ; we had the first aureate decoration. Hasan Boroev brought it to us ; Hasan became 21 an the 1st of December. In fairy of bad consequences on the Europe title, the chief manager of our squad took Hasan on the universe title. And Hasan won. He went to these decorations a armored combat vehicle. But he collided with the wall at the 1/8 of the concluding this wall was Rulon Gardner. That, grapplers won Aleksandr Karelin on Olympic Games. But it # 8217 ; s non all ; in 2001 he became a universe. Champion before the lucifer Gardner said that Hasan has a good technique, but he was certain that he # 8217 ; ll win. Hasan won 3:0 and this is all. Then Hasan easy won challengers one after one. The last lucifer was the hardest and he won it 3:1. Hasan Boroev is a adherent of Vladimir Uruimagov, his another grappler Denis Forov became a universe title-holder in his age class in Turkey, and Vladislav Kokoev had a bronze decoration. In his interview to magazine # 8220 ; Classical Wrestling # 8221 ; Hasan said that he had been born in Dushanbe, but when he had been nine, his household had gone to Vladicavkas. And at that place in 1997 he met Vladimir Borisovich Uruimagov his household International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t little # 8211 ; three sisters, male parents Mahar, female parent Raisa and Vladimir Borisovich, they are really, friendly. Vladimir is with three old ages ago thanks to president of Moscow # 8220 ; Torpedo # 8221 ; Aleksey Kim, Hasan began to life in Moscow. And in national squad Hasan train many celebrated managers.

United States Governmental Issues During The Late 19Th Century Essays

United States Governmental Issues During The Late 19Th Century Thesis: Although the American Government failed to take effective actions to solve the major concerns of the late 19th century, many attempts were taken to solve such controversal conflicts. The young divided nation that had just reconstructed itself from the debts of a civil war now stood as a whole to deal with even more domestic issues. Problems concerning civil service, regulation of railraods, Native Americans, expansion and overgrowing of big businesses, and immigration were the issues that grouped american individuals seperately according to their views on each issue. Although the American Government failed to take effective actions to solve the major concerns of the late 19th century, many attempts were taken to solve such controversal conflicts. The young divided nation that had just reconstructed itself from the debts of a civil war now stood as a whole to deal with even more domestic issues. Problems concerning civil service, regulation of railraods, Native Americans, expansion and overgrowing of big businesses, and immigration were the issues that grouped american individuals seperately according to their views on each issue. In 1881, shortly after President Garfields inauguration, a derange office seekser shot a fatal bullet in the Presidents back. This event once again shocked the americans, who were once horrified by the assasination of former President Lincoln in1865. Following this event, bitter americans coerced the federal government to reform its policy of hiring governmental officials. In respond to the publics outrage over the cause of this assasination, Congress was pushed to remove certain government jobs from the control of party patronage. They passed the new act known as the Pendleton Act of 1881, which set up the Civil Service Commission declaring that federal employees were to be hired on basis of merit. This new law was applied to 10% of federal employees at that time; presently it effected more than 90% of governmental employees. When Harrison was elected President a few years after the Pendelton Act, he followed Congresss earlier tradition of reforming the civil service system to earn his fellow citizens support. On dealing with the issues of veterans, he passed the Pension Act of 1890, which provided that all widows of veterans, and veterans incapable of manual labor may receive a pension. This was a reformation of former President Clevelands policy that only veterans directly wounded in battle may receive a pension. Although these new Acts granted more democracy towards part of the working class, it failed to submit to the majority of the working class. As the depression worsened and the number of jobless people grew, the nation feared class war between capital and labor. They were especially alarmed by Coxeys Army, a march to Washington by thousands of the unemployed led by Populist Joacod A. Coxey. Coxey demanded that the government spend half a billion dollars on public works programs to create jobs. Coxey himself and other protest leaders were arrested, while the rest of the army had to leave for home. The arrest of Coxey proved that the government is not a t all sympathetic towards the majority of the unemployed working class. The number of jobless americans grew more everyday, for space available for jobs could not match the mass number of immigrants pouring into America every hour. The population of the United states more than tripled in the last half of the 19th century, resulting in 76.2 million people by the time the new century arrived. Out of these, 16.2 million belonged to the class of the unemployed immigrants. the year 1882 shocked the americans when it was calculated that over 2000 Europeans immigrants were received by the united states per day. In an attempt to decrease the mass immigration number, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in 1892, prohibiting immigrants from China. Even so, immigrants from European countries continued to accumulate. The General Immigration Act was another attempt to regulate the various immigrants. This act refuse to admit to the United States prostitutes, alcoholics, and insanes. However, America was unable to put this act into effect, for it was hard to determine what disguises those europeans had taken. As a result of the governments failure to restrict its own

Netball skills Essays

Netball skills Essays Netball skills Essay Netball skills Essay As you can see from the set of scores above I have improved in all areas. Some only slightly but I am pleased that the areas I have worked on for my netball skills have improved.  As you can see from the graph above I have improved in all areas from my first attempt. Although I havent reached the blue print 100% in all areas I am still pleased that I have improved. This means the five week programme I took out has made an affect. As you may notice on the speed and agility the scores have gone down. This is actually an improvement because it means I have completed the task in a faster time. Also on some of the scores I have past the 100% mark such as the speed, and on the co-ordination, endurance and power I have reached the target of 100%. Looking at the graph above I am very pleased with my results. Evalution When comparing my first set of scores to my second I can point out that I have improved on my weak areas that consisted of speed, endurance and the most important one I needed to work on was strength. I have also improved on the other areas this was because of following a personal exercise programme for five weeks in the school fitness suite.  In Swimming co-ordination is mainly hand/foot. This is used when you use your hands to pull you through the water and your feet to propel you through the water. After completing the first tests I noticed that this wasnt one of my weak areas so I didnt work on it. Although as you can see from the graph comparing results I did improve. Even though I only improved by 2 more catches this still brought me to pass the 100% mark and I am pleased with that. In my first set of tests I realised that strength was a weakness. This is needed in swimming for good strong strokes. For strength I worked on arm weight machines which included pull down and chest press. I increased my reps and weights each week of my programme and this has lead to me improving in my second attempt. Although according to the blue print scores I am still only 50% I am still happy that I have improved. To help me reach their target I am going to continue working on my arm strength in the gym. As my scores have increased this shows that my method is affective and has helped me. Speed is needed in swimming to win and move quickly through the water. As speed come out to be one of my weaknesses I worked on this on the treadmill, bike, cross trainer and the stepper. The stepper worked on the muscles in my legs leading to them becoming stronger which then lead to them being able to take more pressure. On the cardiovascular machines I pushed my self each time and increased the speed to my limit. According to my second attempt at the tests this has proven to have been a good strategy as I have improved to almost 100%. I am very pleased with my improvements in this component as it is needed almost all the time in a Swimming competition. In swimming agility is needed so that each competitor can successfully perform a tumble-turn. Agility wasnt one of the areas that I worked on in the fitness suite although as I have been working on the speed of my legs on the cross trainer this has caused me to improve. If ever in the future I feel the need to improve in this area I will take out a series of weights on my legs and some skill work with a swimming pool and other swimmers to compete. As I have improved in this area I will be more skill full in a swimming competition and be able to move quickly through the water. Power in needed in swimming so that a swimmer can quickly move through the water with speed and get a good strong jump. After I had completed the first set of tests I found out that this wasnt one of my weak areas. I didnt include this into my exercise programme. Although when looking at both sets of results I have slightly improved. It may not be shown to be much but I am still pleased that when not working on an area the other exercises I did take have lead to an improvement. I think this is a result of working on the cardiovascular machines a lot. I used the cardiovascular machines and these are good because as I have shown in my programme it can improve all areas. When I worked in the weight machines in my legs this has resulting in an improvement and this is good in swimming for when I am diving of the starting platform. Endurance is needed in swimming to keep the body going strong through out the race. When I completed the first set of results I realised that endurance did need some improving on. So in the fitness suite I pushed my body each time causing me to work longer and increasing the amount that my body could take. I worked mainly on the cardiovascular machines that were the treadmill and bike. I pushed my self each time this was to push my body to its limit. This has clearly worked as comparing the two set or results I have improved by quite an amount. On my first tests I got level 7 shuttle 7, on my second I got level 8 shuttle 4. This means I didnt just improve by one level. I also increased on my shuttle amount. I am pleased my results in this component of fitness. Overall I am pleased with my improvements. I have improved in all areas even those I didnt specifically work on. This indicates that I have become a better person and my personal exercise programme that I have taken out and completed my self has been a success. Hopefully this will go on to me being a much stronger competitor in swimming and maybe I will continue to use this plan to improve my skills even more.

The Environmental Rhetoric of the Simpsons Essay

The Environmental Rhetoric of the Simpsons - Essay Example Todd claims that the popular culture imagery in social commentary is the rhetoric of visual arguments (Todd, p. 137). Visual arguments show persuasive messages to the audience. Blair argues, â€Å"Visual argument is to use symbols to communicate and it can convince the audience (Todd, p. 138). The symbols or comical characters that might be presented through visual argument can convince people. For example, showing a visual argument about the environment and what is needed as process to protect the environment. Some visual images can be able to convince, because they might have personal or social experiences, which affect the individuals. The visual argument evidence is relevant because Todd quotes them from the argument and advocacy, which make visual arguments credible to solve problems that the affects the environment. These evidences are persuasive to the audience because they like to watch the visual arguments. Visual arguments show the environmental problems and the result if no care is followed of the process to help the environment. Todd claims that the nuclear power plant of the Simpsons represents the environmental politics of the real world. There should be visual explanations about the power plant regarding the negligence, which characterizes company standards for disposing of nuclear waste. Wastes are leaking out of the trashcan in a plant coffee room is a painful image. Watching trashcan full of waste in a coffee room and ignoring it is a sign of danger to the environment. T

Role of women in Hebrew scriptures Research Paper

Role of women in Hebrew scriptures - Research Paper Example The scriptures record that Eve the first woman, was created as a companion of Adam (Kassian, 1992, p28). In this regard, God set forth a patriarchal society, since he created woman from man, but not the other way. From the onset, God granted man the authority to rule all creations. The appearance of Abraham, whom the Jews refer as ‘the father of nations’ affirmed the authority of men over women, and Kassian (1992, p31) notes that even today, a Jew male is referred as Abraham’s son. In the Old Testament God, commanded man to procreate and fill the earth and this placed a lot of pressure on women from the onset (Clarence, 1968, p61). In this respect, the most important role of women in Ancient Israel was getting married and bearing children to ensure posterity of Jewish race. The Old Testament prohibited relationships such as incest and adultery, which ensured that a woman could not be related to a man in more than one way. However, a man was allowed to marry a sist er to his wife even in cases where the wife was alive. Before any marriage ceremony, the groom’s family was required to pay a specified amount of dowry to the bride’s family. ... These punishments are well elaborated in the Halakhah, a collection of rules and regulations that governed the conduct of the Jewish community (Richard, 1988, p 43). Clarence (1968, p37) notes that due to the great importance attached to marriage, there were three main requirements that were necessary to validate a marriage between man and woman in ancient Israel . They included payment of bride price, acceptance by the bride to get married and the union had to be consummated through sexual intercourse. From these rituals, it is apparent that the primary role of a woman in the society was getting married and to satisfy sexual needs of their men. Girls got married at very young ages that put their ability to make sound judgment about marriage in question. Social and religious critics have questioned the symbolic significance of paying bride price for a woman before marriage in the ancient Israel society. Kassian (1992, pp45-49) argues that the dowry payment portrayed women as a proper ty, with a price tag that was owned by man. However, Clarence (1968, p43) notes that payment of the bride price was important because it indicated the groom had good intentions of marrying and that he was capable of taking care of his wife. These findings comply with polygyny practice in Israel that allowed men with adequate resources to marry more than one wife in the ancient society (Richard, 1988, p49). Bearing children was another important role of women in the ancient Jewish society. According to Richard (1988, p53), women were only supposed to have sex for procreation and to validate their marriages. According to Clarence (1968, p73) barrenness

The Evolution Of Microfinance Institutions In Nigeria Economics Essay

The Evolution Of Microfinance Institutions In Nigeria Economics Essay With the huge shortage of funds in the banking industry, failure of the established community banks and other government programs in financing microenterprises in Nigeria, gave rise to the idea of transforming existing microfinance NGOs into microfinance banks. In the past years, microfinance institutions were informal in nature. They were characterized by different mechanism such as ability of the members of these microfinance institutions to have credit support from other members which could be used in expanding their businesses mainly in the agricultural sector. For almost three decades it has been a challenge for governments to provide micro-credit to the poor people who are operating micro and medium enterprises. It is known that in every country around the world, over 90% of the businesses are micro and small businesses (Jenkins, 2009). In Nigeria, there used to be people who go round taking money from other people in their job places. These kinds of people serve like village banks, where they accept the money as deposit and save it for the people. This kind of agreement between the inhabitants of the respected area and the people going round to collect their money establishes a trust between them. Although it differs between community to community, the whole idea is the same which is deposit taking and saving, but what remains interesting here is that in some cases, these people that agree to save, form group amongst themselves, and one or two people among them borrow the money after it has been accumulated. They usually gather the money for six to twelve months. The members who collect the money usually use it to invest in their businesses but they also know that they are required to return the money back to the depositors. This way other members will also have a chance to borrow. This is one of the interesting ca ses as it gives us an insight on how the financial sector operates in Nigerian villages and towns. This process of formation of own borrowing groups was not only common in Nigeria, but it was experienced around the world. An empirical evidence in Ghana (Owusu and Tetteh, 1982), Zimbabwe (Bratton, 1986) and Dominican Republic (Desai, 1983) shows that local conditions have influenced the ideal size of membership and that below or above the ideal size of membership correlates negatively with cohesiveness and joint accountability. Anyanwu (2004) conducted a study on micro-finance institutions in Nigeria, their policy practice and potential. In this study, he analyzed at that time, the ten major micro-finance institutions in Nigeria with respect to their location. These micro-finance institutions were Farmers Development Union (FADU), in Ibadan; Community Women and Development (COWAD), in Ibadan; Country Women Association of Nigeria (COWAN), in Akure; Lift Above Poverty (LPO), in Benin; Justice Development and Peace Commission (JDPC), in Ijebu-Ode; Women Development Initiative (WDI), in Kano; Development Education Centre (DEC ENUGU), in Enugu; Development Exchange Centre (DEC BAUCHI), in Bauchi; Outreach Foundation (OF), in Lagos; and Nsukka Area Leaders of Thought United Self-Help Organization (NLTNUSHO), in Nsukka. The result of the analysis carried out by Anyanwu in 2004 showed that most of the beneficiaries of the services provided by the micro-finance institutions in Nigeria were women. About 97.4 per cent of the clients in the sample were women. Four of the institutions exclusively provide services to women, while five had over 90 per cent of their clients as females (Anyanwu, 2004 pp.5). This shows clearly how women have been the most important target for the micro-finance institutions which is viewed as normal because of the fact that women in Nigeria are always believed to be marginalized in terms of socio-economic matters. The study was one of the triggering factors that led to the public sector seeing the fact that almost 60 percent of the Nigerian populations which reside in the rural or remote areas do not have access to micro-credit. This gave the public sector a thinking of coming out with alternative solution to this problem. The following tables 1 to 4 summarize the ten major mic ro-finance institutions in Nigeria and their activities before 2005. As the analysis in Table 1 to 4 shows, in average all these microfinance institutions source their funds from either government grants or grants from other individual or international donors. This kind of source tells us that the microfinance institutions in Nigeria were dependent on these grants which constitute 51.2 percent of their whole source of funds. This is a very big number in respect of sustainability of the entire microfinance sector that they serve to the poor. Microfinance institutions in Nigeria should be able to have continual supply of micro-credit to the Nigerian poor and abandoned population on their own without receiving any exogenous grants or donations. Having that huge amount of external support as 51.2 percent grants or donations, gives us a hint that a more adequate and self-sustainable institution is needed in order to serve the poor on sustainable basis. So overall, self-sustainable institutions are needed to be able to tackle the poverty alleviation questio n addressed by the government through the micro-finance sector in Nigeria. With these downturns and global concern about poverty, micro-finance became a very important discussion and top priority of even international development institutions. Huge funds were set aside by these institutions to combat poverty. These institutions are membered by the world countries which made it powerful enough to deal with questions of poverty and promote consensus solution amongst themselves. With the clear international concern about the effect of poverty which the world income distribution with a Gini coefficient of around 0.85 makes it an excellent indicator of unsuccessful nature of the aggregate world economy these days. This result shows an unjust income distribution, which roughly 15 percent of worlds population receive 80 percent of the aggregate income generated, whereas almost half of the worlds population to fall under massive conditions of poverty (Birtek, 2009). Microcredit is a critical anti-poverty tool and a wise investment in human capital. Now that the nations of the world have committed themselves to reduce the number of people living on less than $1 a day by half by the year 2015, we must look even more seriously at the pivotal role that sustainable microfinance can play and is playing in reaching this Millennium Development Goal (Annan, 2006). Year 2005 was recognized by the United Nations as Year of Microfinance (Jenkins, 2009). United Nations is one of the sole organizations which foster the continual existence of micro financing in both the developed and developing countries. The millennium development goals addressed the issue of alleviating poverty not only by giving foreign aid to the less developed and under-developed countries, but also by supporting the poor to stand on their own. With all these developments that took place since early 1990s, like the other governments, the Nigerian government also reacted. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) responded in 2005 by establishing laws which will promote the establishments of better financial institutions to serve the Nigerian poor population. The microfinance policy, regulatory and supervisory framework for Nigeria entered into force in 2005. This law obligates microfinance institutions to be regulated in Nigeria. With this policy, regulatory and supervisory framework, the government addressed different issues needed to strengthen microfinance institutions in Nigeria. This law required the private sector to acquire license from the Central Bank of Nigeria. The license was open to start-up a micro-finance banks or an already established microfinance institutions that wanted to convert into a micro-finance bank. The policy aimed at having adequate regulation and supervision over the microfinance sector in Nigeria. According to Jenkins (2009), one of the ways of incorporating microfinance into the financial system can be achieved through the change of microfinance NGOs into a formal regulated financial institutions. With this, adequate credit allocations to the poor could be achieved. As (white and Campion, 2002) termed it to be up scaling of microfinance institutions. Furthermore, Jenkins (2009) stated that since 1990s a large number of microfinance institutions have transformed into a regulated microfinance bank such as BancoSol, K-Rep and ACLE-DA Bank. These microfinance NGOs were all unregulated, but they later transformed into a fully regulated institution under their respective country laws. 3.2 Regulation of Micro Finance Banks in Nigeria The microfinance policy, regulatory and supervisory framework in 2005 was the first formal policy established for microfinance institutions that are becoming microfinance banks in Nigeria. Some months later, another formal text was released on regulatory and supervisory frameworks for micro-finance banks (MFBs) in Nigeria. These provisions were established in line with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as every member of the United Nations should respect. Analysis would be made on the policies establishing the micro-finance banks in Nigeria. This policy was the proceeding of the National Conference on Microfinance organized between the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in 2000. As a result, in 2001, the Central Bank of Nigeria conducted a baseline study of the microfinance institutions in Nigeria. Some of the objectives of the study among others as indicated by Okojie, Monye-Emina, Eghafona, Osaghae Ehiakhanem (2009, pp22-23) were: Identifying the role of MFIs in financial intermediation in Nigeria, Determining the level of financial intermediation of MFIs with a view to developing a regulatory and supervisory framework to guide and enhance its operations in Nigeria, and Recommending policies that would facilitate the linkage of informal, semi-formal, and formal financial services providers to micro- and small-scale rural entrepreneurs. Also the study shows that as of third quarter of 2001, about 60 percents of commercial banks had aggregate savings of about N99.4 million about 662,666 USD and outstanding credit of N649.6 million about 4,330,666 USD, indicating huge business transactions in the sector. This clearly indicates the large size of their equity base. (Okojie, Monye-Emina, Eghafona, Osaghae and Ehiakhanem, 2009). With the above indications addressed by the study which explained the need for a proper regulatory framework, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) responded as indicated by (Anyanwu, 2004) as follows: Development of a regulatory and supervisory framework for the operations of MFIs in Nigeria Establishment of an apex regulatory institution charged with the responsibility of building capacity through the training of directors and managers of MFIs to enable them to develop an efficient information system for identifying and managing risks, and satisfying relevant data and information requirements of regulators and stakeholders, Improvement of infrastructural facilities so as to reduce the transactional costs associated with the administration of microcredit in the country. These areas above indicated by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) brought about the entire regulatory and supervisory framework for microfinance banks (MFBs) in Nigeria. Below will be analysis on the kinds of regulatory and supervisory issues are addressed. 3.2.1 What determines the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)s Power? The regulatory and supervisory guidelines and rules are issued by the CBN in the exercise of powers given by the provisions of section 28 subsection (1) (b) of the CBN Act 24 of 1991 (as amended) and in pursuance of the provisions of section 56-60A of the Banks and Other Financial Institution Act (BOFIA) 25 of 1991 (as amended). These guidelines were to organize and establish micro-finance banks (MFBs) that will be able to utilize deposit acceptance and savings from the public and engage in microfinance activities with their clients (CBN, 2005). This power made CBN above any other government department or parastatal in decidng regulatory and supervisory rules for these microfinance banks in Nigeria. 3.2.2 What Defines a Micro Finance Bank by law? As indicated by the policy law, a microfinance bank unless otherwise stated shall be taken to mean any kind of company licensed to carry out the business of providing microfinance services which includes such things as savings, loans, domestic funds transfer and other financial services that economically active poor, micro enterprises and small and medium enterprises need to carry out and boost their businesses as indicated by these rules and guidelines (CBN, 2005). 3.2.3 Who should be the micro-finance clients ? It is clealy indicated in the policy establishing the microfinance banks in Nigeria that who their clients should be. The policy clealy states that the main purpose is to serve the economically active poor which will be a way of empoering them to have more choices. The policy indicated that for a person to benefit from the microfinance banks, certain characteristics should be met (CBN, 2005), which includes : Having a monthly income of not more than twice the monthly per capital income of Nigeria or minimum wage, whichever is higher Having a total productive assets [inclusive of those arising from loans but excluding the cost of land] of not more than five hundred thousand Naira [N500, 000.00] only, about 3,333.33 USD. Is not a regular employee of any organization Age between 18 and 60 years. Unless if someone fall in that category, or else microfinance loan would not be granted. 3.2.4 What defines a Poor Person? A poor person as explained by the policy is one who has meager means sustenance or livelihood, and who earns a total income in a year that is less than the minimum taxable income set by the Nigerian government (CBN, 2005). 3.2.5 Which businesses are termed as micro-enterprises? It is indicated in the policy that micro enterprises are those firms that require micro credit or loans to operate and boost their businesses. These kinds of businesses are characterized of mainly sole proprietorships and are family basic in nature. Employments are provided to few which are mostly immediate family members. These micro entrepreneurs work informally and usually are engaged in activities which are primary in nature like local craft and subsistence agriculture. 3.2.6 What defines Collateral and what is the Loan Duration? Unlike the commercial bank lending where collateral is a requirement, micro loans are given to the micro entrepreneurs such as peasants, farmers, artisans, fishermen, women, senior citizens and non-salaried workers in the formal and informal sector based on their character and the cash flow of the businesses and their household (CBN, 2005). Collateral is not needed to secure any micro-credit loan due to the fact that the idea is to help the poor, low income earners and micro entrepreneurs boost their businesses as indicated by the policy (CBN, 2005). The micro-loan duration should not exceed 180 days (6 months), but in some exceptional cases where a loan is giving to micro-enterprises engaged in agricultural activities with longer gestation period, maximum of 12 months (one year) would be granted. The loan may be repaid daily, weekly, monthly or bi-monthly basis depending on the amortization schedule in the contract (CBN, 2005). 3.2.7 Ownership and License of Microfinance Banks (MFBs) In Nigeria The policy framework explained that micro-finance banks can be established by a single person, group of individuals, community development associations, and domestic private and foreign investors. The policy further explained that significant diversification in ownership would continue to be encouraged in order to enhance good corporate governance of licensed MFBs. Also those universal banks that intend to create any category of MFB as their subsidiaries shall be required to satisfy all the requirements set by the law. Talking about granting license, it requires that any investor thats willing to operate a MFB in Nigeria shall put it in writing to the governor of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). It indicated that there shall be two categories of licenses. These categories as indicated by the Micro-Finance policy were: Those Micro Finance Banks (MFBs) licensed to operate as a unit bank otherwise known as Community banks shall operate and open branches within a specified local government area [LGA]. N20 million [twenty million naira] roughly 133,333.333 USD or such amount shall be the minimum capital requirement as may be prescribed by the CBN from time to time. And Those Micro Finance Banks (MFBs) licensed to operate in a State and open branches within a specified state or Federal capital territory. N1.0 billion (one billion naira) only roughly 6,666,666.667 USD or such an amount shall be the minimum capital requirement as may be prescribed by the CBN from time to time (CBN 2005, p10). With these features mentioned above, one can see the differences between a universal bank and a micro-finance bank regulation in Nigeria. A clear demarcation can be seen in the amount of capital requirement. For a universal bank, its 25 Billion Naira about 166,666,666.7 USD, which is 25 times the minimum capital requirement for a microfinance bank licensed to operate in a state. This is a huge gap because microfinance banks in Nigeria are only restricted to given credits to the class of people that are either low income earners, aged or senior citizens. These only are allowed to receive a micro-credit loan. 3.3 Permissible acts for Microfinance Banks in Nigeria There are number of permissible acts indicated by the policy establishing microfinance banks in Nigeria. As indicated by the framework policy, a microfinance bank shall only be allowed to provide the following services to its clients (CBN, 2005 pp8-9): Acceptance of various types of deposits including savings, time, target and demand from individuals, groups and associations; except public sector deposits [government], provision of credit to its customers, including formal and informal self-help groups, individuals and associations; promotion and monitoring of loan usage among its customers by providing ancillary capacity building in areas such as record keeping and small business management; issuance of redeemable debentures to interested parties to raise funds from members of the public with approval of the CBN; collection of money or proceeds of banking instruments on behalf of its customers through correspondent banks; provision of payment services such as salary, gratuity, pension for the various tiers of government; provision of loan disbursement services for the delivery of credit programme of government, agencies, groups and individual for poverty alleviation on non-recourse basis; provision of ancillary banking services to their customers such as domestic remittance of funds and safe custody; maintenance and operation of various types of account with other banks in Nigeria; investment of surplus funds of the MFB in suitable instruments including placing such funds with correspondent banks and in Treasury Bills; pay and receive interests as may be agreed upon between them and their clients in accordance with existing guidelines; operation of micro leasing facilities, micro finance related hire purchase and arrangement of consortium lending and supervise credit schemes to ensure access of micro finance customers to inputs for their economic activities; receiving of refinancing or other funds from CBN and other sources, private or public, on terms mutually acceptable to both the provider of the funds and the recipient MFBs; provision of micro finance related guarantees for their customers to enable them have greater access to credit and other resources; buying, selling and supplying industrial and agricultural inputs, livestock , machinery and industrial raw materials to poor persons on credit and to act as agent for any association for the sale of such goods or livestock; investment in shares or equity of any body-corporate, the objective of which is to provide microfinance services to poor persons; encouragement of investment in cottage industries and income generating projects for poor persons as may be prescribed by the CBN provision of services and facilities to customers to hedge various risks relating to microfinance activities; provision of professional advice to poor persons regarding investments in small businesses; rendering managerial, marketing, technical and administrative advice to customers and assisting them in obtaining services in such fields; mobilize and provide financial and technical assistance and training to micro- enterprises provision of loans to microfinance clients for home improvement and consumer credits; and performance of non-banking functions that relate to micro finance related business development services such as co-operatives and group formation activities, rural industrialization and other support services needed by micro enterprises. Unless otherwise stated by the CBN, no microfinance bank is allowed to spill over these permissible acts, in other words only these services can be performed and provided by microfinance banks in Nigeria. These permissible acts are subject to review by the CBN from time to time. 3.4 Prohibitive acts for Microfinance Banks in Nigeria As indicated by the policy, microfinance banks are not allowed to carry activities (CBN, 2005 pp9-10) such as : acceptance of public sector [government] deposit except for the permissible activities like provision of payment services such as salary, gratuity, pension for the various tiers of government and provision of loan disbursement services for the delivery of credit programme of government, agencies, groups and individual for poverty alleviation on non-recourse basis foreign exchange transactions, international commercial papers, international corporate finance, international electronic funds transfer, cheque clearing activities, dealing in Land for speculative purposes, real estate except for its use as office accommodation, allow any facility for speculative purposes; and enter into leasing, renting, and sale/purchase of any kind with its directors, officers, employees or persons who either individually or in concert with their family members and beneficiaries own five percent [5%] or more of the equity of the MFB, without the prior approval in writing of the Central Bank of Nigeria

Personal Narrative: My Experience Teaching versus Learning Essay

Last semester I led a ninth-grade class room through a reading of Romeo and Juliet. I had little time to prepare for this unit of study, and had never formally studied or written about the play. I worked my way through each scene, preparing prompts and discussions that seemed relevant to the content of the play, to its connections to private and public social issues (both Elizabethan and modern), and to why the play was written in poetic form, or what the poet was trying to do with language. The play is rife with paradox, oxymoron, and ambiguity, so finding a focal point or common theme to unify the various lessons was difficult. However, as we approached the final act, everything that the students and I had explored in this play seemed to me to be pointing back to a line early in Act I, "Part fools! You know not what you do." Born into a world of contradictory and opposing forces of control, authority, and traditional obligations, a young person does not have the means to make judgments but is swept along on the tide of what others say must be done. If one's heart or conscience cries out for a different course, lack of experience and of developed judgment can be fatal. Role models are required who can model the skills of weighing the pros and cons, of balancing the heart and the head, of inquiring and seeking out knowledge before a final decision is made. Friar Lawrence spoke this lesson, but cryptically, through the metaphors of poison/medicine and haste/patience, yet he did not model the exercise of inquiring, balancing, and weighing before acting. It suddenly occurred to me that the wisdom that Friar Lawrence advocates but does not exactly inspire, is exactly the sort of wisdom that we were exercising in the classroom as we... ...ts' enjoyment of reading and writing and also their desire to participate in language arts. Another experience confirmed my belief that learning and teaching is not a one-way street in the classroom. Teachers are not the privileged literati who are desperately trying to inculcate knowledge into the uneducated mass of students. Teachers need to respect the human mind in any stage of development and accept the fact that they can learn things from someone who is not an expert in the field. The teacher is a learner, and the students are teachers. The study of Romeo and Juliet during my student teaching experience was a collective effort to examine and interpret eternally recurring human achievements, failures, struggles, goals and desires. I learned a great deal through reading and discussing the writing of the students, and I hope that they learned something from me.

Prison Overcrowding Essay

Abstract This research paper is to explore the impact of prison overcrowding. The United States has a, what seems to be everlasting, prison overcrowding problem. Not only does the United States have this dilemma, but also many other countries have overcrowded prisons as well. Many issues need to be addressed; ways to reduce the prison populations and how to effectively reduce prison cost without jeopardizing community safety are major issues that need attention. Successfully rehabilitating inmates can play an important role in the fight to Prison Overcrowding There are overcrowded prisons all over the world. In 2011, the United States federal prisons housed around 219,000 inmates. In 1980, the United States federal prison population was 25,000. A total of 1,598,780 adults were incarcerated in county jails and federal and state prisons at the end of 2011, according to Urban Institute. There are many issues that need to be revisited until there is a solution. A number of impacts are the product of the overcrowded prisons. Health, safety of inmates and correctional staff, as well as, economical problems all need some solution, and quickly. Not only are prisons affected, communities are also directly and indirectly affected by prison overcrowding. Even though the government can’t just start releasing prisoners that haven’t served their full sentences to reduce the populations, the cost of incarceration, the health and safety of inmates and staff, and the affect that overcrowding has on communities are all issues that cannot be put on a back burner. With United States prisons being filled 38 percent above their capacity, some issues are of greater importance than others when it comes to the overcrowding of prisons. How to decrease prison populations is the main objective. California has started a program that has reduced prison populations significantly. Nonviolent, non-serious, non-sexual offenders are sentenced to local facilities like county jails  instead of state prison. The Department of Corrections has programs that alternative to incarceration and are more cost effective that have been given more funding in recent years also. The cost of incarceration, and the effect it has on the economy, in the United States is a major issue. It is very costly to house inmates in prison every year. An article in Impaired Driver Update. Show that it cost $27,000 to hold one inmate for a year, and that approximately $50 billion a year is spent on incarceration. It cost 20 times more to have an inmate incarceration than to have them on probation. Of $50 billion dollars spent on correction, $6.8 billion is spent on probation. An article published in Federal Probation in 2013 states, â€Å"recidivism rates average between 43 and 67 percent and supervision violators constitute on third of the persons admitted to state correctional facilities,† and â€Å"on, average, persons under supervision have five prior arrest; 16 percent violated a federal, state, or local community supervision, and 8 percent have a history of absconding.† Sentencing offenders to alternative programs would help cut cost and also help decrease prison overcrowding. Alternative programs for offenders in lieu of prison or inmate programs that help rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for re-entry co uld also help prison overcrowding. If inmates are able to attend programs for drug treatment, social disorders, and dealing with issues like abuse as a child the prison population could decrease. Inmates that have successfully rehabilitated have contributed to society and thus show that more money towards rehabilitation instead of incarceration could have a positive impact on population and society. In 2012, supervisees paid around $645 million in restitution, fines, and assessments. They contributed $4 million in community service. If more inmates are successfully rehabilitated an estimation in the Federal Probation shows that a savings of around $115 million could be cut of the budget with supervisees contributing by paying taxes, supporting dependents rather than on welfare, satisfying ordered financial obligations, and performing community service. The probation system cannot solve the whole overcrowding problem but could help immensely. Inmates that are released from prison that have no family, no real friends, no one to help them are really set up to fail off the top. They are given $200 and sent out to survive in what is one of the most expensive countries in the world. $200 now days will not even get you a hotel room for a week.  So many of them revert to selling drugs, stealing, or worse to manage. If there were more programs to help find them housing, employment opportunities and teach them how to be productive members of society, maybe the prison population would continue to decrease. There are also many effects of prison overcrowding on inmates and correctional staff health as well as the effects on correctional staff safety. The Corrections Manager Report in Dec/Jan 2014 reports an incident of a BOP officer killed, â€Å"while working alone in a unit housing 130 inmates.† The Urban Institute also states, â€Å"health and safety hazards from over used toilets, showers, and food service equipment,â⠂¬  are some of the many issues that need to be addressed. The Supreme Court ruled that California prisons were so bad they violated the 8th amendment and CDRC needed to reduce prison population by 30,000 inmates. Releasing inmates also has an effect on communities. When inmates are release it can affect their communities. If in the future there are more alternatives to incarceration to help reduce prison population people will be affected. Of course, not all inmates are going to follow their rehabilitation program and their offense will affect their community. They many rob, steal, or possibly assault someone in their community. They could begin to sale drugs that can also directly affect a community. There are positive ways though too that the community could be affected and the community could also positively affect the offender by participating or starting programs that help offenders start following a new path, and become successful members of society. Some communities have started outreach programs that help offenders. By having alternative programs available to offenders, who meet certain criteria it will help with the prison overcrowding problem that much of the United States continues to have a serious problem with. Prison overcrowding is a serious problem all over the world. It has economic effects. Prison overcrowding also has health risk to inmates as well as correctional staff. Safety risk for both inmates and correctional staff pose a great problem to with prisons being overcrowded. There are both pros and cons when it comes to effects on communities with this issue. Although we can’t just start releasing inmates to solve prison overcrowding, we can start focusing on ways to solve this problem. Prison overcrowding is a very complicated issue and should be given great attention by Congress, the Board of Prisons, and the Department of Justice. References Gershenhorn, Karen & Myers Ryan. 2013. Prison Math. Impaired Driver. Winter 2013. Vol. 17. Issue 1, p 5-19. Harding, Richard. 1987. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology. Australian Academic Press. Mar.1987. Vol. 20 Issue 1, p 50-62. Mobley, Alan & Owen, Barbara. 2012. Western Criminology Review. Aug. 2012. Volume 13. Issue 2. p 46-57. Rowland, Mathew. 2013. Federal Probation. Sept. 2013. Volume 77. Issue 2. p 12-12. Schiffner, Bill. 2013. Corrections Forum. July/Aug 2013. Vol. 22. Issue 4, p. 38-39

Understanding in the Principles and Requirements of...

Understanding In The Principles And Requirements Of Assessment †¢ 1.1 Explaining The Function Of Assessment And Development Assessment is carried out to ensure that learning has taken place. This is used to measures the learner’s knowledge and skills in their chosen area of learning. Assessment can be used to encourage learners to ask questions on anything they have not understood, learners at some point will have to know that they will have to prove their knowledge and understanding to the standards of the awarding body. Learning and development are connected in the following ways. Learners will need guidance to understand what it is they have to learn and what is expected of them, letting them know†¦show more content†¦However there should always be a record of all that has been carried out. Assessment judgments and feedback: Make judgments on successful completion or otherwise then giving constructive feedback in order to help further the learner or help for successful completion at a later date. A record should be made in order to track each learners progress. Reviewing of progress: The assessments should be able to be reviewed at any time until the Learner has completed the qualification or part thereof. Regular reviews also give the learner the opportunity to ask about other relevant issues and give you the opportunity to improve on them for the future. The assessment process may have to be adapted to be suitable to the individual learner’s needs such as learning support for those with learning difficulties needs to eventually lead to the same outcome. Word count 399 †¢ Explain the responsibility of the assessor. 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