Saint Marys College in California Admissions Facts

​Saint Marys College in Moraga, California accepts most applicants each year, with a high acceptance rate of 80  percent, although applicants tend to have strong academic records. Students interested in applying to the school will need to submit an application (the school accepts the Common Application; more on that below), high school transcripts, a letter of recommendation, SAT or ACT scores, and a personal essay. Check out Saint Marys website for more information on how to apply. Admissions Data (2016) Saint Marys College of California Acceptance Rate: 80  percentTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 480  / 590SAT Math: 470  / 590SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanSAT score comparison for California collegesACT Composite: 22 / 28ACT English: 22  / 28ACT Math: 20  / 27What these ACT numbers meanACT score comparison for California colleges Saint Marys College Description Saint Marys College of California is a Catholic, Lasallian, liberal arts college located in Moraga, California, about 20 miles east of San Francisco. The college has an 11 to 1  student/faculty ratio  and an average class size of 20. Students can choose from 38 majors, and among undergraduates, business is the most popular program. Specifically, the most popular majors are Accounting, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Drama, English, Liberal Studies, Psychology. One of the defining features of the Saint Marys curriculum is the Collegiate Seminar, a series of four courses that focus on the major works of Western civilization. All students, including those in pre-professional fields, take these seminars—two in the first year, and two more before graduation. In athletics, the Saint Marys Gaels compete in the NCAA Division I  West Coast Conference. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 3,908  (2,802 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 40 percent male / 60 percent female93  percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $44,360Books: $1,107 (why so much?)Room and Board: $14,880Other Expenses: $2,700Total Cost: $63,047 Saint Marys College Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 96  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 95 percentLoans: 61 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $25,400Loans: $8,018 Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 86  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 60  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 73  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Basketball, Golf, Cross Country, Soccer, Tennis, Track and Field, BaseballWomens Sports:  Lacrosse, Rowing, Softball, Soccer, Tennis, Basketball, Volleyball, Cross Country If You Like Saint Marys College, You May Also Like These Schools: San Jose State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of San Diego: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPepperdine University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCal Poly: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of California - Irvine: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStanford University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of California - Santa Cruz: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLoyola Marymount University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSanta Clara University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of San Francisco: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSan Diego State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Saint Marys and the Common Application Saint Marys College uses the  Common Application. These articles can help guide you: Common Application essay tips and samplesShort answer tips and samplesSupplemental essay tips and samples Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Two Papers For Midterm - 1528 Words

Xiaoqiang Ma Professor Meir Lubetski English CMP 2800 Jun 21st 2015 Essay question A. Sinuhe tells about the life of an immigrant in a foreign country. Discuss a few of the hardships of Sinuhe as an immigrant. Does it resemble the experiences of a modern immigrant? American Dream In Old And Modern Times The problems of immigrants have been existing for centuries. Looking back, the oldest story that readers could find about immigrants is the tale of Sinuhe. It speaks strongly to our world today, where is full of exile, cultural conflict and displacement. As we discussed earlier this semester, when fleeing to Syria, Sinuhe, as an educated and successful immigrant, has been through many hardships and because of these†¦show more content†¦Last but not least, he goes through the hardship that he couldn’t be accepted by the natives no matter how long he has been in there. He is rooted in the culture that he is born in even though he is raised in Retjenu. However, although Sinuhe has been through many difficulties, his story seem s like a successful example of American Dream. An immigrant works his way to the top in his host country and returns to his homeland with glory and pride. But underneath the happy surface, the tale of Sinuhe is about the sad story of immigrants. Sinuhe’s experience resemble the experiences of a modern immigrant from three different aspects. First, it demonstrates the conflict between the person’s original culture and the culture of his host country. Undoubtedly, an individual is rooted in his own culture.The gap between Sinuhe’s cultural background and the culture in Retjenu makes Sinuhe an untrustworthy and threatening person to the natives. Second, Sinuhe’s experience reflects the indifference and exclusion of natives towards the immigrants as well as their cultures. There are also a lot of stories about the success of an immigrant in modern American society. However, most of those people do not belong to the mainstream society of America. They do business with people who share the same cultural root with them. Americans do not really admit that they are part of them. Third, Sinuhe’s story reflects theShow MoreRelatedapollo 500851 Words   |  4 PagesRequirements and Assignments A. Textbook readings and lecture presentations/notes B. Group Discussion Board forums (2) Students will participate in two Group Discussion Board forums specifically answering questions related to the weekly content. Forums will be completed in two parts: each student will post the original thread (300–400 words) and reply to at least two other classmates. Threads are due by Thursday and replies are due by Sunday of the assigned weeks. C. Apologetic Method Analysis In ModuleRead MoreEssay on The Audience and Writing1047 Words   |  5 Pagesessay, although I may not incorporate them well in my paper at least I see why they are important. 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This is done every two years to ensure that one specific seat holder does not get too comfortable and start to exercise hisRead MoreMidterm Review Essay963 Words   |  4 Pages†¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ MComm100†©Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬ ©Mass†©Communication†©in†©Society†© Midterm†©Review†©Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬ ©12th†©Ed†© (Chapters†©1†©Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬ ©9)†© †© Understand†©the†©definition†©of†©Ã¢â‚¬Ëœencoding’†© What†©is†©Ã¢â‚¬Ëœnegative†©feedback’?†© Characteristics†©of†©a†©mass†©communication†©audience†© What†©is†©a†©Ã¢â‚¬Ëœmedia†©vehicle’?†© Characteristics†©of†©mass†©communication†©organizations†© What†©vehicles†©have†©increased†©the†©mobility†©of†©the†©mass†©mediaRead MoreYolo1583 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature in reflecting simultaneously the distinct cultures of different races and their universal characteristics thereby fostering a sense of solidarity amidst diversity. 10. write a term paper of five pages analyzing one literary text. III. Course Outline Course Objective 6 Learning Outcomes Write a flowchart on the two divisions of literature. Express ones interest in studying literature. Analyze themes identify the significant human experiences infused in the selections. Time Allotment Week 1-2 TopicsRead MoreQuestions On Professional Behavior Midterm Assessment1077 Words   |  5 PagesIdentify two items on the â€Å"Professional Behavior Midterm Assessment† and create a plan of action that addresses how you plan to improve in these areas. Please provide examples of your direct action items. My fieldwork placement is at Moccasin Bend in Chattanooga Tennessee. For this midterm reflection, I have to state that the fieldwork coordinator that did our paperwork has not observed the students leading groups at all. He graded every category with an exceptional ranking which does not allowRead MoreThe Obamacare A Kind Of Social Insurance Policy1540 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States’ (US) political deadlock seems to be an unbreakable problem. The problem mainly comes from the relationship between two parties, the relations of president and congress, and the voting system of the congress. Since US’ congress and president controlled by two major political parties separately, gridlock seems to be a certain problem in their terms of political responsibility. For instance, president Obama announced his ambitious plan on health care issues. The ‘Obamacare’ a kind ofRead MoreThe End Of The Beginning1136 Words   |  5 Pageswas all up to the computers an d I just needed to tour the school. I thought it would be almost no work on my part. Until my teachers decided that 10 was an old enough age to give midterms and my parents decided that I needed a tutor for the Lab test. We were told that we were going to have our first midterms in two weeks. It would go on our final report card and would happen to fall right on the week of the Lab test. My parents got a tutor for the Lab test so that I would be prepared and wouldRead MoreMy Most Memorable Experience In College783 Words   |  4 Pagespeople who are in my First Year Seminar class/POP group. Not only did I make amazing memories, but I have also changed a bit and even learned more about myself. In addition, I have made quite a few accomplishments, personal and academic since my midterm reflection. In the beginning of the semester, I came up with a long-term goal which was partially completed throughout the semester. My most memorable experience this semester would have to be POPs weekend because that is the reason Kaitlyn and IRead MoreEnglish: Essay and Film Study1298 Words   |  6 Pageshttp://www.clayton.edu/Portals/5/core_curriculum_outcomes_clayton.pdf Paper Requirements: Essays: Students will write a total of six essays of approximately 500-750 words each, including a rhetorical reading response, a documented paper, and a final exam essay. Essays should be typed and double-spaced, no font larger than 12, with 1margins, using MLA format, and students must turn in their rough drafts along with the finished papers. In most cases, essays will be based upon readings, and must include

A Hanging Essay Research Paper free essay sample

A Hanging Essay, Research Paper # 8220 ; A Hanging # 8221 ; written by George Orwell, depicts the calamity of taking a healthy adult male # 8217 ; s life, through an abundant sum of similes, imagination, and symbolism. The chief focal point of this essay is centered around the hanging, and the events which precede and follow the action itself. The reader neer becomes cognizant of what offense the condemned adult male committed. Therefore, there is no room to judge if this ultimate penalty is merely. The tone dramatically shifts throughout the essay, giving rise to alterations of emotion by the reader. Yet, it is the emotions of the characters are preponderantly responsible for these displacements in the essay. Capital penalty has been a heated and most debated issue for decennaries. Each character in # 8220 ; A Hanging # 8221 ; trades with this immoral act of slaying otherwise, impacting the tone of the essay. Orwell begins the essay, depicting the puting intricately to a point where it seems touchable. We will write a custom essay sample on A Hanging Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The reader becomes cognizant that the essay starts in gaol and Orwell farther depicts it through the usage of a simile. The gaol cells are # 8220 ; like little animate being cages. # 8221 ; It becomes that apparent the gaol is likely bare and congested with captives. The first character that is introduced is the condemned adult male. His offense is unknown, nevertheless, it is undoubtably sever. This raises inquiries in the readers mind as to whether the adult male truly deserves to decease. As the guards put the handlocks on him, the condemned adult male put up no battle. He fundamentally accepted the decease that was about to come to him. # 8220 ; ..he stood rather resistless, giving his weaponries limply to the ropes, as though he barely noticed what was happening. # 8221 ; The condemned adult male shows no emotions, possibly he chooses non to expose them or may accept the wrongs he did that caused him to be in this state of affairs. This creates the initial sympathetic, lone ly tone. Standoffish from the remainder of the group, is the first notice of the overseer. The superintendent represents desensitisation. After taking men’s lives on a day-to-day footing, the act of slaying is nil less than a routinely agenda he follows. His heartless, deficiency of feelings finally modifies the manner in which the essay is perceived. â€Å"For God’s interest haste up Francis. The adult male ought to hold been dead by now.† The overseer becomes cranky when his agenda is off kelter. Through his repudiating idiosyncrasies, the essay displacements from understanding to insensitive. As the guard and the condemned adult male make their manner to the gallows, a Canis familiaris interrupts the sedateness. The eyetooth, described as # 8220 ; a big wooly Canis familiaris # 8221 ; galloped around madly even doing an effort to cream the condemned adult male. # 8220 ; # 8230 ; it danced and gambolled merely out of his range, taking everything as portion of the game. # 8221 ; At this point in the essay, it is difficult for the reader to see the Canis familiaris as a symbolic figure. However, subsequently there are evident analogues to the Canis familiaris and the condemned adult male. As the condemned adult male is declaiming to his God before the hanging, the Canis familiaris whines his ain chant. After the adult male # 8217 ; s decease, # 8220 ; the Canis familiaris sobered and witting of holding misbehaved itself slipped after them. # 8221 ; It is about as if the Canis familiaris represents the condemned adult male # 8217 ; s concealed emotions. The adult mal e carries a concrete frontage, but inside it impossible to be insensitive. For case, when he was being taken out of his cell in the beginning, on the exterior he showed no resistance, but on the interior he most likely felt like the excitable, frenetic Canis familiaris. After the hanging, the Canis familiaris was regretful for its old hideous behaviour, merely as the adult male was largely likely repentant for his offense ( s ) . It truly seems that the interior feeling of the condemned adult male can be viewed through the Canis familiaris. The Canis familiaris adds a more lively tone to the essay, as opposed to the morbid overseer and the silenced adult male.

Supply and Demand and Microsoft Word Document free essay sample

Explain what would happen to equilibrium price and quantity in the market for Pepsi if the following occurred (be sure to indicate WHY it happens as well): a. The price of Coke decreases. If the price of coke decrease the demand will increase and if Pepsi stays the same the demand will stand still. b. Average household income falls from $50,000 to $43,000 I think the demand would decrease because of household budget cuts. There are improvements in soft-drink bottling technology. This will meet the demand faster and improve consumer confidence. The price of sugar increases and the Pepsi launches an extremely successful advertising campaign. If sugar increases then it will cost more to produce Pepsi and the profit margin will decrease unless the price to the consumer goes up. 2. Use the following equations for demand and supply to solve for market equilibrium price and quantity: Demand: Qd = 100 – 4P Supply: Qs = 10 + 6P 3. Using the diagram below, answer the following questions: How much is the per-unit tax on cigarettes? 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand and Microsoft Word Document or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 50-4. 25= $1. 25 f. What price do consumers pay after the tax? $5. 50 g. How much tax revenue is collected? 1. 25*18=22. 5 Billion h. What is the amount of deadweight loss? d. l=10+6(1. 25)=17. 5 Directions for Submitting your Assignment Complete your assignment in this Microsoft Word ® document and save it as Username-MT445Assignment-Unit#. doc (Example:TAllen-MT445Assignment-Unit2. doc).

Happy Birthday Wishes That Make Dreams Come True

Happy Birthday Wishes That Make Dreams Come True Douglas Horton said, If wishes were fishes, wed all be throwing nets. If wishes were horses wed all ride. However, on your birthday, you are entitled to make a wish. It is believed that if you make a silent wish as you blow the candles on your birthday cake, your wish will come true. The History of Birthday Wishes The tradition of putting candles on a birthday cake dates back to early Greek civilization. In ancient times, the Greek lit candles on the cake offered to the Moon Goddess, Artemis. They believed that the smoke emanating from the blown candles carried the prayers to heaven, and these prayers were answered. It was also believed that blowing out candles in one breath brought good luck. The tradition of blowing candles continues even today. The Meaning of Birthday Celebrations But birthday celebrations have become far too elaborate and laborious. Today, it is no longer just about cakes and candles; it is also about exotic party venues, theme birthdays, and expensive goody bags. Let us not forget the significance of birthday celebrations. The presence of your loved ones on your birthday makes you feel cherished. You cannot measure their love with the budget of the birthday party. Even a simple birthday celebration or a heartfelt birthday wish should make you feel blessed. Whether it is your 18th or 60th birthday; whether you have a simple or an elaborate celebration, you are lucky to share this special occasion with your near and dear ones. Birthdays bring families and friends closer and keep you smiling throughout the year. Birthday Wish Quotes Convey warm birthday wishes to your dear ones with these happy birthday wishes. A warm hug, a loving birthday wish, and blessings make birthdays memorable. George HarrisonAll the world is birthday cake, so take a piece, but not too much. Pablo PicassoYouth has no age. Tom StoppardAge is a high price to pay for maturity. Franz KafkaYouth is happy because it has the ability to see beauty. Anyone who keeps the ability to see beauty never grows old. George SantayanaThere is no cure for birth and death, save to enjoy the interval. William Butler YeatsFrom our birthday, until we die,Is but the winking of an eye. Tom WilsonWisdom doesnt necessarily come with age. Sometimes age just shows up all by itself. Anthony PowellGrowing old is like being increasingly penalized for a crime you have not committed. Marie DresslerIt is not how old you are, but how you are old. Gertrude SteinWe are always the same age inside. Chinese ProverbA diamond cannot be polished without friction, nor a man perfected without trials. Muhammad AliAge is whatever you think it is. You are as old as you think you are. Irish BlessingMay you live as long as you want and never want as long as you live. Chili DavisGrowing old is mandatory; growing up is optional. Anna MagnaniPlease dont retouch my wrinkles. It took me so long to earn them. Leo RosenbergFirst, you forget names, then you forget faces, then you forget to pull your zipper up, then you forget to pull your zipper down. Jack BennyAge is strictly a case of mind over matter. If you dont mind, it doesnt matter. Robert FrostTime and tide wait for no man, but time always stands still for a woman of thirty. Frank Lloyd WrightThe longer I live the more beautiful life becomes. Christina RossettiMy heart is like a singing bird. Because the birthday of my life is come, my love is come to me.

Nike Unethical Practices Essays

Nike Unethical Practices Essays Nike Unethical Practices Paper Nike Unethical Practices Paper NIKE Introduction The declaration by Philip H Knight that he would discontinue financial aid to the University of Oregon was a major issue that attracted the attention of the world media. That Mr. Knight had chosen to cut links with his alma mater was an issue that was greatly analyzed not just because of the business compulsions that hid behind the decision, but because the issue was important to understand the attitude of multinational companies towards business ethics. ustom essays Analysis Nike was under international pressure from various communities and non-governmental organizations on the issue of practicing unethical business tactics to enhance profits. For example Nike, which outsources most of its manufacturing tasks to other companies, had to face stiff public censure for possibly encouraging labor practices that provided very little compensation to the workers. Most of Nike’s shoe and apparel manufacturing units are situated in the Asian region where the labor costs are far less when compared to rates in the US. Additionally, the workers in the Asian region are less organized, are constrained to work at lower wages in order to overcome poverty and familial pressures, and so were easily available even if the conditions in the factories were pathetic according to US labor standards. The main issue that often came in for public criticism was that Nike used the services of ladies who could be paid much less in the Asian job markets. Similarly, the peculiar societal culture in the Asian region ensured that large numbers of ladies were available to take up the jobs offered by Nikes business associates in these countries. Another serious allegation which rocked the business prospects of the company was that Nikes business counterparts in Pakistan used child laborers to make footballs. The fact that child labor is banned and considered unethical in the developed nations was a major factor that turned public opinion against the company. The factories that partnered with Nike also paid much less attention to safety standards of its workers. While their American counterparts attended to research and development activities in the relative safety of their offices in the US, the contract workers were exposed to chemicals and strong scents in very hot and humid conditions. The chemicals ith which they dealt were quite harmful to the body and could pose serious diseases that affected the skin, lungs and even the reproductive organs. That the workers paid scant respect to the insufficient safety procedures in the factories pointed to the fact that they were either not informed of the harmful effects of the chemicals, or they were much less concerned for safety when faced with the question of their livelihood. Either way it was plain exploitation of cheap labor and abundant manpower. The ill treatment of workers who often had to work under great mental pressure in the factories was also a great concern that attracted media attention. Workers, especially women, were often rebuked and even assaulted by their supervisors and they had to work for long hours in order to keep their jobs. Often women had to commit to extra hours of unpaid duty in order to confirm to the strict productivity requirements within the company. The pay parity in the companies was also a very big issue when compared with the American standards. The stakeholders of the company and the general public of the United States were particularly peeved at the fact that women had to put in long hours of work in exchange for a pittance for their efforts. In short, Nike’s manufacturing units witnessed human exploitation and economic opportunism that provided rich dividends to the company. The company on the contrary maintained that it was only outsourcing its manufacturing operations to the Asian firms and that the situation in these companies was not under its direct control. However, the public debate and alienation directed against the company was mounting slowly and soon the company managers felt the need to revamp the image of the company in order to arrest the sliding morale of the companys executives. This was particularly necessary because prominent media houses started specifically attacking Nikes policy to not to interfere in the affairs of its franchisees. Nike, which had a good reputation among youngsters, also started gaining reputation as a badly managed company that exploited the economic weaknesses of the South Asian regions. No explanations of the company that it could not interfere with the local operations could convince the US public which believed that the company could enforce ethical work culture if it so desired. Even the high profile advertisements that the company used to its advantage started to get negative appeal in the US markets and that is when the company decided that it had to do something about the deteriorating work conditions in its co-concerns. Nike was initiated into action to promote good work culture when a furore was created on the issue of child labor in Pakistan. Nike immediately compelled its associates to prevent child labor in its factories. This was an important step that let the company management know that administrative pressures on the local firms were necessary to ensure the support and brand image that the company enjoyed worldwide. Of course, all the partnering companies of Nike agreed to the proposals made by the company with a view to prevent unethical work practices in their premises. Many activities that could be considered as unethical business practices such as child labor, exposure to harmful chemicals and fumes, supervisory pressures and assault were effectively checked by Nike even though many people believe that there are enough loopholes for the local firms to exploit. However, Nike went ahead and gave in to many demands that could effectively wear away its new reputation as an unethical business concern. For example, the company hired well known independent auditors to look into the practices of the violation of labor rights in its associate companies. This ensured that the Nike could assess the company even if the company secretly violated labor rules to maximize profits. A bare minimum wage plan was agreed upon in various companies so that the workers could be assured of at least a decent minimum pay. Workers were offered a better safety package so that they could be kept away from harmful chemicals and reagents. A medical plan was constituted to look into medical problems and the internal quality of the factories was made to suit internationally accepted health standards. This meant that the on-site hazards to the workers could be reduced to a great extent. Forced labor was abolished and a maximum limit on working hours was introduced. Similarly, the company discouraged engaging the services of children below a specific age for work in the factories. Labor issues like discrimination on the basis of religion, sex, and age were to be done away with and employees had to be given a right to organize themselves to press for their rights. Even though Nike made tall claims regarding its new labor-oriented practices in its companies, it may be said that all the recommendations were not fully met because there are many loopholes that can be used to work around the stipulations. In addition, the reluctance of the company to accept the demands of the Workers Rights Consortium on the basis of flimsy reasons proves that the management has serious reservations in implementing labor oriented practices because such practices can cut into the profits of the company. In this regard, it must be said that the company wants to make a facade of its labor oriented-activities while it wants to press forward with its practices that exploits the poor and the not-so-privileged.

1.Critically evaluate the claim that high commitment HRM leads to Essay

1.Critically evaluate the claim that high commitment HRM leads to improved levels of organisational performance - Essay Example There is an ever increasing trend for quality to be the major criterion that determines productivity, rather than a singular focus on costs which was the guiding principle prior to globalization. The new organizational approach therefore focuses on employee participation in decision making and a new set of human resource practices have evolved, focusing upon improvement in employee welfare through training, compensation and profit sharing, to motivate them in achieving this objective. These human resource practices are collectively referred to as high commitment HRM. In the present day competitive environment, people are viewed as an organization’s most valuable resource. While it may not be difficult for competitor companies to imitate products that are produced by one Company, it is next to impossible for one organization to imitate the people or replicate their skills. Human resource strategies within an organization are difficult to imitate because of path dependency, i,e, they are based upon organizational policies that have evolved over time. This is the reason why human resource management and its associated practices have come to be recognised as one of the most important factors that could impart a strategic advantage to an organization in competing in the global marketplace.(Boxall and Purcell, 2003). The scope of High Commitment HRM encompasses the notion of best practices in human resource management and the underlying premise is that there are some HR practices which have the potential to bring about improved organisational performance for all organisations (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2005:72). According to Baron and Kreps (1999), high commitment HRM is characterized by three kinds of goals. Firstly, employees need to clearly understand what the best interests of their organization are and work towards the achievement of those ends. Secondly, in order to achieve these best interests, employees should also be flexible enough to

'Smart Film'. Case study on Fight Club and Donnie Darko Essay

'Smart Film'. Case study on Fight Club and Donnie Darko - Essay Example This paper defines what Sconce means by this term, â€Å"Smart Film,† showing how it emerges out of both classical and art film cinema history, and provides some examples from two key films which have been categorized within this genre. There is then a discussion of the validity of the term, considering several possible objections to this classification. Finally, the paper concludes that the term â€Å"Smart film† is a valid genre descriptor, so long as it is understood in the ironic way that Sconce originally intended, and not as an indicator of quality or status. One of the main features of the â€Å"Smart Film† is the absence of a single plot line, or main character to unify the action. The way that the characters relate to each other is more complex, and the audience has to work harder to make sense of the connections and dis-connections that appear on the screen. This shift of focus from more traditional linear approaches is described by Sconce as a narrativ e style â€Å"centering not on a central unifying character’s dynamic action (as in classic Hollywood cinema) nor on relatively passive observations (as in previous art cinema), but rather on a series of seemingly random events befalling a loosely related set of characters.† (Sconce, 2002, 362) ... Kristin Thompson argues that this has been a tendency of blockbuster movies right through the 1970s and 1980s: â€Å"... Hollywood continues to succeed through its skill in telling strong stories based on fast-paced action and characters with clear psychological traits. The ideal American film still centers around a well-structured, carefully motivated series of events that the spectator can comprehend relatively easily.† (Thompson, 1999, 8) This so-called â€Å"classical† style of movie production endures because it has become the accepted â€Å"norm† for the majority of film audiences. Thompson acknowledges the importance of episodic films, and the emergence of post-modern cinema, which breaks with many of these traditions, but maintains that Hollywood will doubtless continue to be fascinated by genres such as the action film which tend to be both â€Å"formulaic† and â€Å"overblown† (Thompson, 1999, 338) The impact of non-classical films like Ta rantino’s Pulp Fiction, has, according to Thompson, been minimal, leaving a legacy which encourages imitators to dwell on the extremes of sex and violence rather than engage in novel approaches to narrative structure. Thompson makes valid points, but the â€Å"Smart Film† genre shows that some independent film-makers working together with the large studios have managed to break away from the stranglehold of classical expectations. Sconce’s reference to art films, as well as classical film, is highly relevant, and although Sconce is keen to point out the differences between his new genre of â€Å"Smart Films† and the art film genre, there are also many similarities between the two genres. The work of Bordwell has done much to explain the specific art film

The meaning of life Essay Example for Free

The meaning of life Essay Introduction: According to Saint Exupery in The Halo (2006), â€Å"Each man must look to himself to teach him the meaning of life. It is not something discovered: it is something moulded. † The meaning of life has a no specific definition; it depends on how each individual give meaning to their lives. It is a natural thing for an individual to curiously know about their life since their birth till death. Moreover, human beings are also curious to find out why they were put in this earth that is why babies keep touching everything in order to experience all their surroundings from the very beginning (Taylor, 2000). In this essay, the concept of meaning will be significantly analysed. Firstly, by defining the meaning which will secondly be followed by discussing the different types of needs an individual must meet to experience the meaning of life. Thirdly, the types of things that enhance and curb the experience of the meaning of life will be highlighted. Lastly, various practical steps will be described to enhance the experience of the meaning of life. This essay will be intertwined with personal reflections and aspirations that have enhanced the meaning of life for the writer. What is the meaning of ‘meaning’? Subjectivism: According to Eagleton (2007), everyone adds their own meaning to life. The meaning of life is never universal or complex. The meaning of life is very simple and people experience it when they understand the universe, themselves, their identity and their goal in life (Bennet, 2005). Subjectivists state that the meaning differs with individuals’ psychological and mental states and their desires and goals. For example one individual can find meaning of life in music or art while other may find it in attaining goals or in religion (REF). In addition to this, (REF) states that life only becomes meaningful when all the needs and wants are fulfilled and when the individual is content and satisfied with themselves. Super naturalistic views: On the other hand, spiritual beings consider their lives to be consequential and significant when they can reach the pious pathway God has set (REF). The God-centred view points out that the definitive meaning of life is holistically attained. Moreover, an individual will only figure out the meaning of life when they are not attached to the worldly desires (REF). Personal reflection: Personally, the meaning of life for me is constantly being in search for my identity and accomplishing the goals I have set in life. I explore my identity through my art work as it helps me express my feelings and emotions about everything. My art work makes me realize who I am as a person and what people interpret me as a person through my paintings. What types of needs must be met for a person to experience meaning in life? Searching the meaning of life is a motivational force in an individual however; the degree of motivation to which they search the meaning of life differs in all individuals (REF). Despite individuals having different degrees of motivation, there are some needs and conditions that must be met for the individuals to experience the meaning of life. Individuals do not necessarily have to meet the same needs and conditions to experience the meaning of life. Some individuals are inspired by other individuals like great artists, inventors and thinkers, some individuals need sense of belonging, some need to experience certain events to make sense of life while others need to attain autonomy and self efficacy to experience the meaning of life. In short, individuals can discover the meaning of life through social work, experiencing something or someone or reactions towards unavoidable circumstances (REF). For example, an individual who is very emotional needs to experience the need of belonging in order to experience the meaning of life. They need to have many friends and a good relationship with their family in order to satisfy their need of belonging; this helps the individual to live a happy and full life. However, if they do not feel the sense of belonging, they have no hope hence do not have anything to look forward to and see no point of living. Conversely, not all individuals need to meet the need of belonging to experience the meaning of life. Some may have to experience the need of autonomy and self efficacy. These types of individuals usually have certain goals and tasks in life which they believe they can attain thus that would help them experience the meaning of life. For example, an individual whose goal is to become a doctor tries to attain that goal by being a hard worker and devoting all his time to attain their goal. They would experience the meaning of life when they achieve the title of the doctor as it would help them conquer a place in the community and gain some prestige. In addition to this, if an individual fails to attain this need might gain a very low self esteem which would then impact on the choices they makes in life. They would become very dependent on others and would not be able to cope with that leading them to suffer from various health issues. What types of things enhance the experience of meaning in life? The meaning of life can be enhanced by sustaining life, accepting a teaching, giving life or creating wisdom (REF). For example things that would enhance the meaning of life for mothers, doctors and nurses is when they deliver as links in a biological chain by giving life from one generation to the other. Young artists are inspired and enhance their meaning of life when they authorize and respect and accept their teacher’s work (REF). Personally, as an artist, the meaning of life for me is enhanced when I can appreciate the work of different artists and what they are trying to express in their paintings. Art work makes me understand the different feelings individuals go though and how they express it through drawings. It also makes me see different viewpoints of life and experiences people are going through. Despite all individuals having different needs to discover the meaning of life, there are certain things that all individuals require to enhance the meaning of life like: Hope Inspiration Goals High self esteem. What types of things curb the experience of meaning in life? Many individuals curb their experiences of the meaning in life due to: No inspiration or goals and failure: If an individual constantly fails and has no potential and inspiration of achieving his goals may feel ineffective and hopeless. They may start feeling that they have no purpose in life and life is completely meaningless for them. Loss of loved ones: loss of a loved one through death or divorce may affect an individual mentally and emotionally. They may feel the are not loved and do not belong anywhere as their loved one does not exist anymore. The loss brings suffering and misery which makes an individual believe that like if meaningless. Lastly, experiences like these pushes an individual to have a low self esteem and become reserved (REF). Personal Reflection: If individuals are not open, emotionless or afraid to be seen as themselves due to low self esteem cannot enhance their meaning of life and hence would curb this experience. As an artist, my goal is to become an art teacher and help other children to express their feelings through painting if they cannot through words. However, I have a clear goal and always have been inspired by my father to attain this goal. If I had a low self esteem and did not believe in myself, I would have no hope hence that would curb the search of meaning of life as I would feel I am worthless Practical steps to enhance the experience of a meaningful life As mentioned above, many individuals curb their experiences of the meaning in life due to low self esteem, no inspiration, no goals and being reserved. However, they can enhance their experience firstly by accepting and believing in themselves. This would help them make a contribution to life and share their best. According to (REF) self-destructive behaviour can be conquered by increasing self-efficacy and self-esteem. This can be done through counselling so that they can start believing in themselves. Individuals who need the sense of belonging to experience the meaning of life should try and fit in and socialize with people they are close to and have good relationships with them all. Furthermore, individuals who are trying to attain a specific goal should always reward themselves every time they are a step closer towards the goal. This would keep them motivated and not lose hope. Personally, I enhance my experience by acknowledging the great artists and how they are an inspiration to other young artists. Conclusion Finally as mentioned there is no specific meaning of life. All individuals need to meet different types of needs such as the need of belonging, experiencing life threatening incidents, need of autonomy and self efficacy to experience the meaning of life. An individual’s perception, values, needs and feelings centre him and help in organizing the world around him. Feelings help in expressing oneself. If an individual has a great skill in expressing himself, he can change the larger world. Great artists found expressions in their art work which helped them change the world that came after them. The creations around us are the different individuals trying to express themselves and their experiences of the meaning of life. All the inhibitors that we posses such as low self esteem and inner struggles should be resolved to make life more creative and enhance the meaning of life.

From Songs of Limbs and Flesh and Heart Perhaps Too :: Creative Writing Essays

From Songs of Limbs and Flesh and Heart Perhaps Too "Am I desirable?" le dà ©sir/ desire Without the consistent reminder that the amorous subject is found sexually appealing, there is an attention to physical detail, a reassessment of worth, and of balance between what is called "inner and outer beauty" 1. In the mirror I am searching for what the other will be drawn to. And not only the other, but anyone: strangers, foes, past lovers. I am scanning legs, hair, and curve of thigh. Is it elbow, or nape of neck? For though in the past I fled from those who took little interest in me "as a person," I now crave this one-track regard just when I at last seem to be appreciated for "who I am." Hence a constant sense of unrest, seeking an other who balances these two desires. (Although I am inclined to believe that the latter must have, to some degree, the same lure to the superficial, only is more capable of hiding it for reasons of character or perhaps sexual feat.) 2. I have bought these new clothes - tighter/shorter/more exposing - for the purpose that the other will take note of the way my body looks in them, for a possible verbal response to a carnal reaction. Here I do not expect much, but wish perhaps the other could muster the words of Federico Garcia Lorca, "To see you naked is to remember the earth." I am thus seeking affirmation, approval. It boils down to ordinary sexual attention. I need to be reminded that the other finds me more than sufficiently, irresistibly at times, alluring. II. Looking at Lips I was once told that the dent between our lips and our noses is the fingerprint of an angel who has erased all knowledge of past lives before we are reborn into new ones. I find that my pinky fits nicely into mine, and wonder if perhaps fuller-lipped people had more memory that needed erasing, more interesting lives to be forgotten. Today my lips feel warm. They are chapping and at last picking up color, which I welcome (sans chapstick) to my otherwise pale features. In elementary school, my teachers seemed thin-lipped. In fashion magazines, gaunt women are featured with round, luscious lips. I can imagine the way their lips bundle up for the lipstick, then relax, allowing the colored stick to pull them side to side.

Environmental Protection Essay

What is your carbon foot print? A carbon footprint has historically been defined by Championne as â€Å"the total sets of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by an organization, event, product or person.†[1] However, calculating the total carbon footprint is impossible due to the large amount of data required and the fact that carbon dioxide can be produced by natural occurrences. It is for this reason that Wright, Kemp, and Williams, writing in the journal Carbon Management, have suggested a more practicable definition: â€Å"A measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions of a defined population, system or activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population, system or activity of interest. Calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) using the relevant 100-year global warming potential (GWP100).†[2] Greenhouse gases can be emitted through transport, land clearance, and the production and consum ption of food, fuels, manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings, and services.[3] For simplicity of reporting, it is often expressed in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide, or its equivalent of other GHGs, emitted. Most of the carbon footprint emissions for the average U.S. household come from â€Å"indirect† sources, i.e. fuel burned to produce goods far away from the final consumer. These are distinguished from emissions which come from burning fuel directly in one’s car or stove, commonly referred to as â€Å"direct† sources of the consumer’s carbon footprint.[4] The concept name of the carbon footprint originates from ecological footprint,discussion,[5] which was developed by Rees and Wackernagel in the 1990s which estimates the number of â€Å"earths† that would theoretically be required if everyone on the planet consumed resources at the same level as the person calculating their ecological footprint. However, carbon footprints are much more specific than ecological footprints since they measure direct emissions of gasses that cause climate change into the atmosphere. Measuring Carbon Footprints An individual’s, nation’s, or organization’s carbon footprint can be measured by undertaking a GHG emissions assessment or other calculative activities denoted as carbon accounting. Once the size of a carbon footprint is known, a strategy can be devised to reduce it, e.g. by technological developments,  better process and product management, changed Green Public or Private Procurement (GPP), carbon capture, consumption strategies, and others. Several free online carbon footprint calculators exist, with at least one supported by publicly available peer-reviewed data and calculations from the University of California, Berkeley’s CoolClimate Network research consortium.[6][7] These websites ask you to answer some basic questions about your diet, transportation choices, home size, shopping and recreational activities, usage of electricity, heating, and heavy appliances such as dryers and refrigerators, and so on. The website then estimates your carbon footprint based on your answers to these questions. The mitigation of carbon footprints through the development of alternative projects, such as solar or wind energy or reforestation, represents one way of reducing a carbon footprint and is often known as Carbon offsetting. The main influences on carbon footprints include population, economic output, and energy and carbon intensity of the economy.[8] These factors are the main targets of individuals and businesses in order to decrease carbon footprints. Scholars suggest the most effective way to decrease a carbon footprint is to either decrease the amount of energy needed for production or to decrease the dependence on carbon emitting fuels How has engineering changed us? As we enter the twenty-first century, we must embark on a worldwide transition to a more holistic approach to engineering. This will require: (1) a major paradigm shift from control of nature to participation with nature; (2) an awareness of ecosystems, ecosystems services, and the preservation and restoration of natural capital; and (3) a new mindset of the mutual enhancement of nature and humans that embraces the principles of sustainable development, renewable resources management, appropriate technology. During the past several centuries, the successive development of the printing press, wired and wireless communication, and the Internet have enabled the ubiquitous creation, shaping, and sharing of knowledge. One could argue that as a result of these developments, the capacity for universal participation in decisionmaking in politics and other spheres has risen to an unprecedented level, as has the potential for enhancing the quality of life for a broader segment of humankind. Today, a new world of  robust communication lies before us, and it has all been made possible by the talents, skills, and dedicated work of engineers and scientists. How we develop and use this capacity will determine our destiny. The essence of engineering, on the other hand, is integrating all knowledge for some purpose. As society’s â€Å"master integrators,† engineers must provide leadership in the concurrent and interactive processes of innovation and wealth creation. The engineer must be able to work across many different disciplines and fields–and make the connections that will lead to deeper insights, more creative solutions, and getting things done. In a poetic sense, paraphrasing the words of Italo Calvino (1988), the engineer must be adept at correlating exactitude with chaos to bring visions into focus. How can we create a sustainable community? There are many definitions and there are many different ways for communities to attain a more sustainable future. The sustainability of a community depends on creating and maintaining its economic and environmental health, promoting social equity, and fostering broad-based citizen participation in planning and implementation. Communities that engage citizens and institutions to develop sustainability principles and a collective vision for the future and that apply an integrative approach to environmental, economic, and social goals are generally likely to be more successful. Job creation, energy use, housing, transportation, education and health are considered complementary parts of the whole. Since all issues are interconnected they must be addressed as a system. The process includes: †¢ broad and diverse involvement of citizens †¢ the creation of a collective vision for the future †¢ the development of principles of sustainability †¢ an inventory of existing assets and resources and additional assets that would benefit the community †¢ clear, measurable goals †¢ the development of community indicators to evaluate progress †¢ open and transparent communication †¢ early, visible results †¢ celebration of success Sustainability is a process of continuous improvement so communities  constantly evolve and make changes to accomplish their goals. The initiatives and resources on this website have been selected to help you learn about ways to make your community healthier, safer, greener, more livable, and more prosperous. How can renewable energies transform our society? Renewable energy is important because of the benefits it provides. The key benefits are: Environmental Benefits  Renewable energy technologies are clean sources of energy that have a much lower environmental impact than conventional energy technologies. Energy for our children’s children’s children  Renewable energy will not run out. Ever. Other sources of energy are finite and will some day be depleted. Jobs and the Economy  Most renewable energy investments are spent on materials and workmanship to build and maintain the facilities, rather than on costly energy imports. Renewable energy investments are usually spent within the United States, frequently in the same state, and often in the same town. This means your energy dollars stay home to create jobs and fuel local economies, rather than going overseas. Meanwhile, renewable energy technologies developed and built in the United States are being sold overseas, providing a boost to the U.S. trade deficit. Energy Security After the oil supply disruptions of the early 1970s, our nation has increased its dependence on foreign oil supplies instead of decreasing it. This increased dependence impacts more than just our national energy policy. Is it important to create micro energy system or macro system? An energy system may be thought of as an interrelated network of energy sources and stores of energy, connected by transmission and distribution of that energy to where it is needed. The transformation from stores of energy in food to work, and subsequent dissipation of energy is an example of such a system. The starting point of all energy in this â€Å"food chain† or â€Å"energy chain† (considering only the vegetable and cereal part of our food) is the sun.

Ethnic Drinking Subcultures

Ethnic DrinkiETHNIC DRINKING SUBCULTURES by Andrew M. Greeley, WilliamC. McCready and Gary Theisen Chapter One (Page 1-14) Says : Cultures have been able to integrate drinking into a religious and symbolic context. Irish tend to have a serious drinking problem with drinking; Jews and Italians do not. There are two psychological explanations to be found for alcoholism-cultural and psychological. In a culture in which the demands for male supportiveness are high and there is low support for assertiveness in the male role, the author argues that drinking increases in men at least.The author also discuss the influence of drinking socialization on drinking patterns. Does : It provides the background knowledge required to understand the contents of the book. It introduces the proposition through specialized, concrete and qualitative premises. Chapter Three (Page 36-52) Says : Different cultures are evaluated on the he characteristics of power and support. The Irish and Italians are high on power and support, while the Swedes and Jews are low.Italians and Jews are high on support than are Irish and Swedes. On this basis, it can expected that the groups would rank themselves in terms of alcohol consumption in the following order : irish, Swedes, Italians, Jews. Thus, there is a striking difference in the drinking environment of each drinking group. Does : It provides reasons in support of the proposition. It provides concrete and qualitative examples. It also provides several descriptive examples and qualitative evidence.Chapter Six (Page 83-89) Says : The chapter examines whether the different ethnic groups may have different ‘addiction' subcultures. The Irish may drink more because they have an ‘oral dependency' subculture. While various groups do not differ enormously in their adolescent years in their levels of drug consumption, young people from the different groups seem to find their way into peer-group environments where the propensity to abuse alcoh ol and drugs is high.Does : It provides several specialized and concrete research findings. It introduces several implications of the proposition. Chapter Eight (Page 95-101) Says : There are different drinking subcultures among ethnic groups studied, which influence the drinking behavior and ones propensity to have drinking problems. These cultures are remarkably durable, persisting across generations. Does : It provides a conclusion for the book, and highlights the most important facts related to drinking and ethnicity.

Free Essays on Theme Of Oedipus The King

between the messenger and Oedipus is â€Å"deadly... Free Essays on Theme Of Oedipus The King Free Essays on Theme Of Oedipus The King Introducing a Theme of Oedipus the King Hugh H. Paschal states, â€Å" Idea is often equated to theme, the central meaning of a literary work† (67). Important ideas in literature might be found in several persuasive areas such as â€Å" the arts, the environment, politics and government, religion and morality.† (Paschal 67). A literary work can present more than one of these ideas. For example, in Sophocles’ Oedipus the King he conveys the idea that truth is sometimes better undiscovered. Sophocles illustrates this idea in several dialogues between characters. The first illustration is the dialogue between Tiresias the prophet and Oedipus. Then there is the discourse between the messenger and Oedipus. Finally, the dialogue between Jocasta and Oedipus proves that some secrets should stay unexplored. Sophocles uses dialogue between Oedipus and the three distinct characters to present the idea that the hidden truth should sometimes stay concealed. The first dialogue is an illustration of an idea was placed in the dialogue between Oedipus the King and Tiresias, the Prophet. â€Å"Whether the words of characters support or oppose the author’s own view, they still may address the work’s ideas† (Paschal 72). Oedipus the King calls for Tiresias, this beckoning of him was to help release Thebes from the plague, but he states â€Å"I will never reveal my dreadful secret† (Sophocles 1234). At this point Oedipus makes the first mistake; he forces Tiresias to tell him who is the cause of the ruin of Thebes. Oedipus finds out in his extreme state of anger that he is the one thought so badly of, the killer of Laius. He does not realize that this was the start of all the secrets that should have been kept concealed. Sophocles successfully shows that these secrets should have been and in many ways where tried to be kept concealed from Oedipus. In the second exchange of words between the messenger and Oedipus is â€Å"deadly...

Definition of Geography

Definition of Geography Since the beginning of humankind, the study of geography has captured the imagination of the people. In ancient times, geography books extolled tales of distant lands and dreamed of treasures. The ancient Greeks created the word geography from the roots ge for earth and grapho for to write. These people experienced many adventures and needed a way to explain and communicate the differences between various lands. Today, researchers in the field of geography still focus on people and cultures (cultural geography), and the planet earth (physical geography).   Physical Geography The features of the earth are the domain of physical geographers and their work includes research about climates, the formation of landforms, and plant and animal distribution. Working in closely related areas, the research of physical geographers and geologists often overlaps. Cultural Geography Religion, languages, and cities are a few of the specialties of cultural (also known as human) geographers. Their research into the intricacies of human existence is fundamental to our understanding of cultures. Cultural geographers want to know why various groups practice certain rituals, speak in different dialects, or organize their cities in a particular way. New Frontiers in Geography Geographers plan new communities, decide where new highways should be placed, and establish evacuation plans. Computerized mapping and data analysis are known as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), a new frontier in geography. Spatial data is gathered on a variety of subjects and input onto a computer. GIS users can create an infinite number of maps by requesting portions of the data to plot. Theres always something new to research in geography: new nation-states are created, natural disasters strike populated areas, the worlds climate changes, and the Internet brings millions of people closer together. Knowing where countries and oceans are on a map is important but geography is much more than the answers to trivia questions. Having the ability to geographically analyze allows us to understand the world in which we live.

Business Models And The Changing Business Environment Essay

Business Models And The Changing Business Environment - Essay Example These models are applied so that the needs of the customers can be fulfilled. The enterprises require to structure those practices in such a way that the business model connect with innovation and forming of the business strategy (Hedman & Kalling, 2003). In this report a discussion about the changing environment will be presented. This will exhibit the development in the global economy and the change in the traditional practices which lead towards technological growth and development. Innovation in communication and the development in the technology will lead to the establishment of the global trading regime. Such methods have ignited the competition because the customers have more options available for choosing from the best available option. This practice has forced the organisations in developing a more customer centred approach. This study will show the application of the business models used by Apple Inc. which will clearly differentiate the traditional and the modern way the b usinesses are structured. ACCOUNTANTS VIEW OF THE BUSINESS MODEL The business model in accounting is related to the economic theory of the firms. This is related to the measurement issues which are within the financial reporting systems. The understanding of the organisational and financial structure of the business is also referred to as the accountant’s view of the business model. The incorporation of the business model is observed in the business plan, income statement and the cash flow projections of the organisation. Similarly, the application of the model is more conceptual rather than financial. The application of the model emphasises on the use of technology, benefits to the customers, identification of the target market segment, ensure appropriate flow of the revenue, mechanism for capturing value and utilising those for accomplishing the organisational goals and objectives (EFRAG, 2013). These methods are important because they create value for the customers, entice the payments and convert the payments into profits for the organisation. This shows a direct relation with the economic as well as accounting benefits for the organisations (Hedman & Kalling, 2003). DEFINITION BY TEECE (2010) The definition presented by Teece (2010) about the application of the business model specifies that the essence of the model is more conceptual rather than financial. The knowledge which is required for developing the business model requires that there is extensive knowledge of the economy, changing trends of the business and the adaptation towards e-commerce, outsourcing of the major business functions and restructuring the financial services around the globe. The excessive use of technology and the development of the model have developed an understanding of the ways the businesses need to understand and determine the customer value (Teece, 2010). The business model has a direct relation with the theoretical foundation of the business and this requires that a n equilibrium measure is created which develops perfect competition in the real world (Teece, 2010). The customers are less concerned about the products and they are more centred towards the solutions to their needs. Innovative ideas which aim at satisfying the customer needs succeed in attracting more customers rather than the traditional methods using which the business functions

Annotated Bibliography - Does Illegal Immigration Help or Hurt the US Essay

Annotated Bibliography - Does Illegal Immigration Help or Hurt the US Economy - Essay Example The author realizes that illegal immigration persists in the United States since old times. Those who enter the United States illegally come from various nations, such as Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, and the Caribbean. In particular, the author notes that in recent years illegal immigrants from China, Mexico, and other European countries increase dramatically in the United States. In that sense, Sadowski-Smith is one of the various thinkers and analysts who try to tackle the subject of illegal immigration in the United States, trying to push the country to adopt strict measures to control this negative phenomenon. According to the author, the current illegal migration from Chinese and European countries much exceed the case of Mexico, which was long believed to be one of the major producer of illegal immigrants to the United States. In that sesne, this article takes a comparative view in attempting to study the negative consequences of illegal immigration on US economy. As stated cle arly by the author, the main goal of this article is to â€Å"examine European and Chinese migratory movements as precursors to and contemporaries of Mexican undocumented immigration.† In trying to analyze Sadowski-Smith’s article, one may realize that the author makes a good job analyzing many of the negative consequences of illegal immigration to the US. ... Also, Sadowski-Smith puts much of the blame on US businessmen and companies, which seek to hire unskilled labor among illegal immigrants to pay them low wages. In this context, she cites the example of U.S. railroad companies, which â€Å"asked entrepreneurs to help them recruit unskilled labor from China in the mid-1870s.† Accordingly, Sadowski-Smith, in this article, succeeds in determining and analyzing some of the historical factors that have led to the severity of the phenomenon of undocumented immigration in the US. Samers, Michael. â€Å"’Here to Work’: Undocumented Immigration in the United States and Europe.† SAIS Review, Volume 21, Number 1, Winter-Spring 2001, pp.131-145. Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press Michael Samers, in this article, makes a close and significant link between the phenomenon of illegal immigration to the US and the increase of informal labor in the country. To enrich his argument, the author makes a comparative study between the statuses of illegal immigration in the US to the case in Europe. In this context, Samers argues that â€Å"the United States and the European Union have witnessed a historically relative transnationalization of their economies and societies,† and this aspect is strongly marked by â€Å"a demand for low-skilled production and service workers.† In addition, the author also realizes that regional integration, in both cases of US and Europe, plays a significant role in spreading the phenomenon of illegal immigration in both the United States and Europe. In the case of the US, regional integration is embodied in NAFTA, while in Europe, it is embodied in the European Union. As the

The Relative Effects Motivation and Performance Essay

The Relative Effects Motivation and Performance - Essay Example The performance bonus is defined as the form of additional compensation which is paid to an employee in the organization or a reward for the accomplishment of specific performance targets. It is an additional compensation to his regular salaries or wages and is awarded based on his performance ratings during his performance appraisals or analysis of the projects conducted by the employee. On the other hand performance of an employee can be measured both as per quantitative as well as qualitative aspects. Performance of his work can be measured in terms of the quantity of work he has delivered within a stipulated time and also the quality or standard of that work. The research seeks to bring about a relationship between the performance or productivity of the employee and the bonus paid to that employee. A positive relationship would reflect positive impacts of bonus payments on an employees’ performance and productivity at the workplace, and vice versa. Brief Summary of the Org anization or IndustryThe project analyses the HR aspects of AMZ Limited, which is a manufacturing organization in UK. It is the producer of household appliances in the country. The company provides annual bonuses to its employees based on the performance ratings of employees declared through their systematic performance appraisal structure in the organization. Ratings are provided according to the accomplishment of monthly targets set by the employees. Bonuses are directly linked with the monthly targets of employees.... The research question is as follows: Can performance bonuses in organizations bring about positive impact on the motivation level of employees and their performance and productivity in the organization, AMZ Limited? (Draper, 2004, p.4-5). Hypothesis A statistical testing of hypothesis would be conducted for the research. The null and alternative hypothesis that would be chosen for the study are provided below: H0- Implementing performance bonus in AMZ Limited enhances and improves performance, productivity and motivation level of employees. H1- Implementing performance bonus in AMZ Limited does not bring about any enhancement or improvement in the performance, productivity and motivation level of employees in the organization. Background Theory Performance bonus is defined as the form of additional compensation which is paid to an employee in the organization or a reward for the accomplishment of specific performance targets. It is an additional compensation to his regular salaries o r wages and is awarded based on his performance ratings during his performance appraisals or analysis of the projects conducted by the employee. On the other hand performance of an employee can be measured both as per quantitative as well as qualitative aspects. Performance of his work can be measured in terms of the quantity of work he has delivered within a stipulated time and also the quality or standard of that work. The research seeks to bring about a relationship between the performance or productivity of the employee and the bonus paid to that employee. A positive relationship would reflect positive impacts of bonus payments on an employees’

Ethics and Social Responsibilities of Business Essay Example for Free

Ethics and Social Responsibilities of Business Essay The emergence of management as a distinct and identifiable activity in the modern era has had an important impact on the society with which it developed (Massie 1995). Till the early days of the twentieth century, organizations were predominantly concerned with their respective profit-maximizing activities. However, this singular intention of profit maximization of business farms was protested by the social activists during the later half of the 20th century. They pointed out that, since the organizations drive their business from the society, the former must possess some obligations towards the interests and welfare of the later. The concept of business ethics and corporate responsibility gained immense importance after the publication of Bowen’s Social Responsibilities of Businessman in the year 1953. Bowen opines that business corporations should have certain responsibilities towards the society in which it operates. Often business ethics and its social responsibilities are regarded as their â€Å"science of conduct† (McNamara).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ethics is the study of morality and standards of conducts (Fred and Richard, 480). The term ‘ethics’ is, in generally, used to refer to the rules and principles that define right and wrong conduct. The study of ethics is of immense importance in international management because ethical behavior in a particular country may be considered as an unethical practice in other countries. Ethical behavior of business has become an important aspect in today’s corporate environment. Even in the United States, trading scandals, bribes etc. have gained considerable media exposures and have aroused public concern regarding ethical practices in international business management. Corporate business ethics is primarily concerned with honesty, truth and justice and should consider several aspects like the expectations of society, fair competition, public relations, consumer autonomy, social responsibilities, adherence to the rules in the operating country, and so on. An organization should be always responsible in creating an environment that fosters ethical decision-making. Corporate social responsibility is seriously considering the impact of the company’s actions on society. In the views of Andrews, social responsibility means the intelligent and objective concern for the welfare of society that restrains individuals and corporate behavior from ultimately destructive activities, no matter how immediately profitable and signifies the positive contribution to human betterment. Social responsibility contends that the business organizations are responsible to all the interest groups with which it interacts. All the interests groups such as employees, customers, suppliers, government and society should be given importance equal to that of the shareholders of the respective companies. Thus, ethical and social responsibilities signifies that the management should pay attention to the welfare of the workers, consumers’ needs and safety, the interests and rights of creditors, government’s rules, regulations and policies, and the obligations of the organization towards society as a whole. Thus, in other words, â€Å"Corporate social responsibility indicates the management’s commitment towards upholding the interests of direct stakeholders and to behave in an economically and environmentally responsible manner† (Davis and Robert, 1975). Ethical and Social Responsibility of Corporate Organizations Corporate organizations which are concerned about business ethics and corporate social responsibility need to identify various interest groups which may influence the functioning of a firm and which, in turn, may be affected by the firm’s decisions. In fact, business enterprises are primarily responsible for the well being of six major interest groups which are discussed hereunder one by one: Protecting Shareholders’ Interests The most important responsibility of business organizations is to protect the interests of its shareholders. The shareholders provide the core resource – the capital – that enables an organization to operate and grow. They expect the management to use the capital judiciously and operate the business in an efficient way that would ensure a healthy return on their investment, both through dividends and through increase in stock value. Shareholders should be provided with adequate and timely information about the functioning of the organization. Protecting Employees’ Interests Employees are the biggest assets of the organizations. In the early days, managers regarded employees merely as one of the factors of production and denied them the right to obtain an equal distribution of income. But, with the passage of time, the situation has changed in a considerable way. Now, it is absolutely mandatory for the management to protect its employees’ interests. Government laws and regulations have now define the responsibilities of the employer – ensuring equal employment rights for men and women, offering timely pensions and other retirement benefits, and providing and maintaining a secure and healthy working environment. To protect the interests of employees, management must Treat the employees as the basic pillars of the organization. Develop administrative processes that promote cooperation between employers and employees. Foster a harmonious work atmosphere by adopting a progressive labor policy. This includes allowing the participation of workers in management, creating a sense of involvement, and improving the working conditions and living standards of workers. Provide fair wages (not merely the one determined by the market forces of demand and supply) and other financial benefits to workers to keep them motivated. Fair selection, training and promotion based on quality and merit – without any discrimination on the grounds of sex, race, religion, physical appearance and so on. Protecting Customers’ Interests In the recent times, great attention is delivered to the customers. In the age of cut-throat competition, business firms have rightly begun to realize the importance of maintaining a healthy relationship with the consumers. The growth and development of consumerism has compelled the organizations to become more aware of their duties and responsibilities towards the customers. â€Å"The most successful businesses put the customer first, instead of the investors† (Mackey). Business firms should fulfill their obligations to their customers by Charging reasonable prices for their products. Ensuring the provision of standardized and quality goods and services. Ensuring the easy availability of goods and services, so that customers do not have to spend too much time and energy in procuring them. Abstaining from unethical practices like hoarding, profiteering or creating artificial scarcity, misleading advertisement and so on. Refraining from deceiving customers by making false or misleading claims. Protecting Creditors and Suppliers’ Interests All the inputs productions are provided by the creditors and suppliers in the form of raw materials and capital. Hence, the management must take proper care in fulfilling its obligations towards the former. This can be done by: Creating a long-term and healthy business relationship with them. Making prompt payments to creditors and suppliers. Providing them with accurate, relevant and needed information. Protecting Society’s Interest Organizations function within a social system and draw their resources from this system. Therefore, they have certain obligations towards society. The management of business organizations can fulfill their obligations toward society by preserving and enhancing the well-being of the members of society. Management can do so in the following ways: Using its technical expertise to solve local problems. Setting socially desirable standards of living and avoiding unnecessary and wasteful expenditure. Playing an important role in civic affairs. Helping the society in events of national calamity, famine, war, and so on. Providing basic amenities, healthcare and education facilities, thus creating better living conditions. Establishing development programmers for the benefit of economically weaker sections of  the society. Protecting Governments’ Interests In any country, the Government provides the basic requirements for the survival and growth of business organizations. Most of the rules and policies which the government imposes are mainly in the favor of the businesses. Hence, the business, in turn, must have certain obligations to the business: Be law-abiding – respect the rules, procedures and policies of the government Pay all taxes and other dues fully, timely and honestly. Not bribe government employees and officials to obtain favors for the company. Not try to use political influence in its favor for own interests. Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility In the modern era, the expectations of the consumers and the society have immensely changed and, resultantly, modern corporations have become much aware of their ethical and social responsiveness. However, opinions vary from scholars to scholars as to whether business should possess much, at least any, ethical and social responsibilities. Disadvantages The motive of any business is to maximize its profit. However, much ethical values and social responsibilities may act against this objective. Any investment (or loss) incurred by the business as a result of good social or ethical behavior are adjusted by increasing the selling of its products. Hence, â€Å"the motive would be socially less desirable than in the days before when business were concerned with social responsibilities† (Friedman 1970). Business derives immense power through its social involvements and ethical behavior. This power is generally derived from the government or through other political means. This increment in power can lead to corruption and even conflicts with customers, governments and the society as a whole in the subsequent times. Generally, business people lack the required skills to deal with the problems outside the organization. Social responsibility can be an excess burden of duty to them. Advantages Social involvements and strong ethical behavior boost up the image of the business corporations in the eye of the customers. Being socially responsive, business can increase the number of its loyal customers. A favorable public image helps the business to attract more employees, customers and investors. By being socially responsible, business organizations can easily avoid the attention of regulatory agencies and earn government’s trust; resulting in increasing flexibility and independence in their mode of operations. Businesses can increase conservation of natural resources by being socially responsible. For example, Items that were considered as waste before (like empty soft drink cans and plastic bottles) can be recycled and profitably used again. Society and business are equally benefited if a symbiotic relationship exists between the two. Instead of allowing high rate of unemployment leading to social crisis (which may ruin business operations in subsequent periods), businesses can rather be the source of employment in the economy for qualified and eligible people. Conclusion It is beyond any iota of doubt that every civil citizen must possess some moral or ethical values and responsibilities for the society in which he lives. Business organizations, considered as ‘artificial people’, therefore, should have the same values incorporated in it. Obviously, there are certain principles which is directed against this conclusion, but it is a cardinal truth that business corporations must â€Å"behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large† (Holme and Watts). References Bowen, H.R. (1953), Social Responsibilities of the Businessman, Harper Row, New York, NY Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct: Carroll Business Society.1999, pp. 268-295 Davis, K. and Robert, L. B. Business and Society, Environment and Responsibility, Revised   Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Book Company Inc. New York, 1975 Friedman, M. The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profit, New York   Times Magazine, 13 September, 1970 Kuhn, J.W. Issues and Analysis, Values in a Business Society, Harcourt Brace Jonanovich, New York, 1968 Holme, L and Watts, R. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development,Making   Good Business Sense† http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles/definition.html Joseph, L. M. Ethical and Environmental Foundations, Essentials of Management, Fourth Edition, Thirteenth Indian Reprint, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1995 Mackey, J. (adapted from) Rethinking the Social Responsibilities of Business, October 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.reason.com/news/show/32239.html McNamara, C. Complete Guide to Ethics Management: An Ethics Toolkit for Managers http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm Richard, M.H. and Fred, L. Ethics and Social Responsibilities, International Management, Third Edition, McGraw Hill International Editions, 1997 Stehi, S.P, Dimensions of Corporate Social Performance, An analytical Framework,   California Management Review, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1975, p. 58 64 The International Seminar on Social Responsibilities of Business: (as quoted by Mukharji, P.B. Social Responsibilities of Business, p. 9

Human Resource Roles and Responsibilities Essay -- Human Resource Mana

Human Resource Roles and Responsibilities Human Resource is a key to the success of a company by keeping in connection with the organization's objectives and business strategies. Human Resource maintains a healthy work environment between company policies and individuals. Human resource management focuses on securing, maintaining, and utilizing an effective work force, which organizations cannot survive without. Human resource management can also be described as the relationship between the employer and the employee. There are basic functions all managers perform which are planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. These represent what is often called the management process. Staffing, personnel management, or human resource management is the function for the organization to focus on today's workforce environment. It includes activities like recruiting, selecting, training, compensating, appraising, and developing. The role of Human Resources is continuing to change. Today, H R executives are taking a more active role in meeting the competitive demands of today's corporations. This change has affected many HR executives, including the HR executive who works for PC Innovation. Human resource management role in this organization has had to increase their experience and knowledge with the increased changes. PC Innovation is a computer store with high integrity and is well known in the community. PC Innovation operates out of St. George Utah with sister compa...

Fault Analysis in Power Transmission Lines using Elliptical Behaviour of System Parameters

Mistake Analysis in Power Transmission Lines utilizing Elliptical Behaviour of System Parameters Abstraction—Power transmittal lines which form the anchor of the electrical power system may be subjected to assorted mistakes. The demand of the hr is to observe and sort the mistakes every bit rapidly as possible to guarantee quality uninterrupted power supply. This paper discusses a simple theoretical account to observe and sort mistakes based on the egg-shaped behaviour of the system. The theoretical account based on MATLAB, is user friendly even to unskilled workers. Keywords— mistake, transmittal lines, mistake types, mistake sensingI. IntroductionIn a 3 stage transmittal line, mistakes may happen at any clip. The causes of mistakes may be environmental or semisynthetic. Mistakes are loosely classified into series and shunt mistakes. A series mistake denotes the unfastened circuit status. Shunt mistakes are of assorted types based on how many lines are affected. Initially the technique of mistake location was based on the use of synchronised electromotive force measurings at the sending and having terminal [ 1 ] . The method was applied to both transposed and untransposed lines. It reduced many mistakes in mistake analysis. To better the mistake sensing distinct ripple transform and unreal nervous webs were used [ 2 ] . The nervous webs were trained utilizing MATLAB and daubechies ripple was used. The preparation clip was less in this method but was complicated. Another fresh method discussed mistake categorization based on initial current going moving ridge [ 3 ] . Wavelet transform was adopted to pull out the going moving ridge from station mistake signals. Following this, mistake analysis methods utilizing fault-feature extraction were used [ 4 ] . Besides delays were introduced to mensurate post-fault values of system parametric quantities. Mistake surveies were done in transformers besides [ 5 ] . Voltage current venue diagram was constructed and based on image processing techniques, mistakes were classified. New methods of mistake sensing use two-end nonsynchronous measurings of the line and the advantages are the usage of digital engineering and numerical relaying [ 6 ] . The new method does non depend on mistake opposition, beginning electric resistances and pre-fault currents. Similar to the mistake analysis in transformers discussed above, mistake categorization in transmittal lines can be done [ 7 ] . The method uses wavelet transform and egg-shaped behaviour of the system. The above discussed methods involve complicated analysis and calculation in assorted signifiers. The mistake sensing mechanism should be user friendly and be every bit simple as possible. Hence, it is concluded that it is necessary to develop a simplified method to observe and sort mistakes in transmittal lines. When the mistakes are detected and classified beforehand, it becomes easy for the individuals to rectify it within a short period of clip. This paper discusses a simple technique to observe and sort mistakes. The venue of the electromotive force and current signifiers an oval. Using the oval belongingss we can reason if a mistake has occurred or non and sort it.II. ELLIPTICAL BEHAVIOURVoltage and current in the transmittal line may be taken as: V ( T ) = Vmwickedness ( ?t ) ( 1 ) I ( T ) = Imwickedness ( ?t- ? ) ( 2 ) Where, Vmand Imare the peak values, ?=2?f, cos ? is the power factor. The venue of the electromotive force and current signifiers an oval. The chief belongings of the oval taken for the mistake analysis is the eccentricity. As the eccentricity varies the oval size and country besides varies. Fig.1. Elliptical venue of electromotive force and current in a transmittal line with eccentricities ( a ) 0.9612, ( B ) 0.9994 III. Working The proposed theoretical account takes in electromotive force and current values and plots the oval. This oval is compared with the healthy oval on footing of eccentricity. When the eccentricity of the current oval ( TocopherolC) does non lie in the scope of healthy oval eccentricity ( TocopherolHydrogen) so a mistake is said to hold occurred. The oval is once more compared with pre-defined oval for assorted mistakes to obtain values as given in Table.1 From this tabular array mistake categorization is done and the consequence is displayed. In the tabular array values are assigned to all stages to observe multiple mistakes besides.Table.1. Look-up tabular array for mistake categorizationFAULT IN EACH PHASEType OF FAULTPhase 1Phase 2Phase 3000Normal status11012 LL01123 LL10113 LL2001-G SLG0202-G SLG0023-G SLG22012-G DLG02223-G DLG20213-G DLG222123 BTP3001 OC0302 OC0033 OC3301,2 OC0332,3 OC3031,3 OC3331,2,3 OCThis look up table aid to sort Single line to land mistake ( SLG ) , Line to line mistake ( LL ) , dual line to land mistake ( DLG ) , Balanced three stage mistake ( BTP ) and unfastened circuit mistake ( OC ) .III. SIMULATION RESULTSThe construction of the resulting eclipsiss are given below: A. Single line to land mistake A individual line to land mistake has occured in stage 2 while the other stages are healthy as shown in Fig.3. Fig.3. Single line to land mistake B. Line to line mistake A line to line mistake has occured in stages 2 and 3 while the other stage is healthy as shown in Fig.4. Fig.4. Line to line mistake C. Double line to land mistake A dual line to land mistake has occured in stages 1 and 2 while the other stage is healthy as shown in Fig.5. Fig.5. Double line to land mistake D. Balanced three stage mistake A Balanced three stage mistake has occured in the line as shown in Fig.6. Fig.6. Balanced three stage mistake E. Open circuit mistake Open circuit mistake has occured in the line as shown in Fig.7. Fig.7. Open circuit mistake V. CONCLUSION The advantage of the proposed theoretical account is that it is really simple to implement. It is based on a mathematical background and is less complex. Presents, happenings of mistakes have increased. Hence it is really of import to observe and rectify the mistakes every bit shortly as possible. Mentions [ 1 ] Sukumar M. Brahma and Adly A. Girgis ( 2004 ) ‘Fault Location on a Transmission Line Using Synchronized Voltage Measurements’ , IEEE trans. , power del.,vol 19, no. 4. [ 2 ] Chiradeja P. and Ngaopitakkul A. , ( 2009 ),‘Designation of Fault Types for Single Circuit Transmission Line utilizing Discrete Wavelet transform and Artificial Neural Networks’ , Intl. MultiConf. of Engineers and Computer Scientists vol II. [ 3 ] Xinzhou Dong,Wei Kong and Tao Cui, ( 2009 )‘Fault Classification and Faulted-Phase Selection Based on the Initial Current Traveling Wave’ , IEEE trans. , power del. , , vol. 24, no. 2. [ 4 ] Yusuff A.A, Jimoh A.A and Munda J.L, ( 2011 ) ‘Determinant-based characteristic extraction for mistake sensing and categorization for power transmittal lines’ , IET Gen. , Trans. , Distr. [ 5 ] Abu-Siada and Syed Islam, ( 2012 )’A Novel Online Technique to Detect Power Transformer Winding Faults’ , IEEEtrans. Power del. ,vol 27, no. 2. [ 6 ] Dine Mohamed, Sayah Houari, Bouthiba Tahar, ( 2012 ) ‘Accurate Fault Location Algorithm on Power Transmission Lines with usage of Two-end Unsynchronized Measurements’ , Serbian Journal of Elec. Engg. , vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 189-200. [ 7 ] Andre de Souza Gomes, Marcelo Azevedo Costa, Thomaz Giovani Akar de Faria, and Walmir Matos Caminhas, ( 2013 ) ’Detection and Classification of Faults in Power Transmission Lines Using Functional Analysis and Computational Intelligence’ , in IEEE trans. Power Del. , vol. 28, no. 3.

Existentialism and The Plague Essay

Jean-Paul Sartre once said, â€Å"Man is condemned to be free; because once he is thrown into the world, he is responsible for everything he does. † Sartre speaks in accordance with the values of Existentialism, which is defined as a philosophical theory that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will. Existentialists like Sartre rejected the existence of a higher power and the over arching influence of an unnatural conformist society, citing instead the importance of individuality and acts of one’s own free will. According to the doctrine of Existentialism, life is not satisfying yet has meaning. The singular purpose of life is to drive forward into the infinite macrocosm of the universe, searching for one’s own particular meaning of life. Additionally, Existentialists propose that there is no god; there is no big man in the sky creating destinies for the humble earthly beings below. Thus, random instances of elation, violence, and tragedy do not hold a greater significance with a supposed higher power or with the universe itself. Life is an experience specific to man alone. Albert Camus, in relation to this philosophy, delivered to the literary world his existentialist work, The Plague, a novel based on the central theme of the inanity of human suffering and the deep individuality of the human experience. In the pages of this novel and through his characters and themes, Camus paints a picture of a mundane community thrust into an almost illogical, if tragic, state of disease and disaster. His unremarkable town of Oran, that in no way deserved such a virulent visitation of plague, sets a perfect stage for the exemplification of existential teachings. â€Å"The unusual events described in this chronicle occurred in 194- at Oran. Everyone agreed that considering their somewhat extraordinary character, they were out of place there. For its ordinariness is what strikes one first about the town of Oran†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Camus, 3). So begins Albert Camus’ gripping achievement, The Plague. From its very origin, the novel admits itself to be set in a small, dull town, unremarkable in every way. And yet, in the randomness of life, the placid town of Oran is inexplicably bombarded with an attack of plague so malignant it is compared to the plague outbreaks of centuries before, which wiped out entire European villages. The typically overlooked literary element of setting, in this instance that of an ordinary North African coastal village, lies a sense of some of Albert Camus’ greatest genius. In a way that seems almost too subtle, Camus relates one of the basic tenets of Existentialism, that which emphasizes the absence of a higher powers’ influence on human life, to the unfathomable curse on an undeserving town. â€Å"Treeless, glamorous, soulless, the town of Oran ends by seeming restful and, after a while, you go complacently to sleep there. † (Camus, 6). Thus, the town of Oran is classified as a sleepy, typical village, one unaccustomed to the despair and pestilence that is rained upon it during the months of the forthcoming plague. One would assume that in a world ordered by a God, a town that had committed no crime wouldn’t have received such an exemplary form of capital punishment. In such a world, one could argue that the town of Oran should have escaped into happy obscurity. One could also argue the fairness of the fabled destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, towns famously steeped in sin. â€Å"Not so! † would cry the existentialists, as one of the basics ideals of existentialism is the randomness of life. Good and evil in the context of life are simply subjective statements; there is no ultimate reward for those who live as saints, just as there is no ultimate retribution for those who live in sin. In this way, the terror visited on Oran perfectly perpetuates this existential idea. A town so typical and seemingly so ineligible of a tragedy such as the plague is, instead of protected from it, decimated by it. Perhaps Camus’ random devastation of his little town is a result of his involvement in the European anti-Nazi resistance. During this time of unexplained evils: the systematic decimation of the Jews and other undesirables and the horrors inflicted upon occupied France, among other instances of randomized human terrorism, Camus is said to have developed his existentialist perspective. In a world overseen by a benevolent, just maker, where is there room for the murders of innocent millions, or for that matter, the infestation of plague in a sleepy little town? One of the reoccurring themes of Existentialism is the importance of the individual finding meaning in a life that’s ultimate result is death. Another facet of Camus’ The Plague that supports this particular aspect of Existentialism is his host of cast and characters. The townsfolk at large can initially be described as hardworking but self absorbed, if not entirely self centered. Theirs is a community of particular habits and personal needs. Seemingly, the only unifying factor of these citizens seems to be in commerce, or as Camus puts it, â€Å"Our citizens work hard, but solely with the object of getting rich. †(Camus, 4). The masses of Oran find meaning in their businesses, card playing, and cafe going. Though the act of death is described as â€Å"difficult and discomforting† (Camus, 5), the people of Oran seem to accept it in its natural courses. The citizens are entirely resigned to their tedious way of life; in fact hardly a soul stirs at the curious sight of rats dying in masses in the streets. Incredibly, beyond the initial panic of the plague, the citizens seem to resign themselves to that as well. â€Å"There was the same resignation, the same long-sufferance, inexhaustible and without illusions. † (Camus, 184). A great many of the prisoners of Oran had embraced Nihilism, a philosophy in which nothing has any value or any meaning, and pursuit of finding either is futile. Interestingly, the attitude of those in Oran and Nihilism itself run conversely to Camus’ actual beliefs. Influenced by the early death of his father and his childhood poverty, as well as a terrible bout of Tuberculosis, Camus’ actual theories involved a complicated correlation between the lack of hope and despair in a life that exists without any intrinsic meaning. Camus’ philosophy can best be described as a daring experiment in optimism without hope; a life that resists the illusion of a predetermined good outcome without succumbing to despair. In accordance to his personal beliefs, an existential hero designed by Camus resists the despair of a life hurtling toward death and instead rises above death to do good works in the manner of a painfully cautious optimist. One such hero is Dr. Bernard Rieux, narrator and chronicler of the plague. Rieux shows his existential spots early on in his narrative, frequently questioning the conformist ways of Oran society and continually distancing himself from the hypocrisy of their half-formed lives. His choice of profession is a prime example of choosing to rise above death to do good, instead of worshipping â€Å"the god of business† like his peers, he is instead a physician. By their very nature physicians fight an existential battle of healing the sick against an all too present possibility of death. Though separated from his wife, Rieux fights on through the plague, administering serums, seeing to the afflicted, and organizing sanitary squads with the help of other active citizens. Rieux is ever mindful of his responsibilities to others, remarking that â€Å"the essential thing was to save the greatest possible number of persons from dying and being doomed to unending separation. And to do this there was only one resource: to fight the plague. There was nothing admirable about this attitude; it was merely logical. † (Camus, 133). In this passage, Rieux clearly exhibits Camus’ own deeply felt obligations towards society, choosing to fight an inevitable evil rather than resign himself to it. Over the course of his life, Camus’ spoke out against many social injustices, including: the genocides of the Second World War, trade union discrepancies, the death penalty, and injustices within the communist party, which he had formerly been associated with and which cost him many friendships, among them Jean-Paul Sartre. In a case of art imitating life, Rieux’s consistency with himself and with his beliefs caused him much personal hardship and endangered his life. However, his commitment to others made him less despondent and more aware of himself than the rest of the town, giving him a strength that not many shared and allowed him to find his â€Å"true-self†, which is the ultimate goal of Existentialism. In his admirable struggle, Rieux clearly demonstrates the most idealistic goals of Existentialism and in turn represents Camus’ interpretation of the philosophy. Speaking on the attitude of futility that is sometimes associated with Existentialism, Albert Camus said, â€Å"In the depth of winter, I finally learned that there was in me an invincible summer. † In the very heart of his philosophy, Albert Camus accepted that life is merely a vehicle for death, that there is no higher power pulling the strings, and that the meaning of life is attributed to the individual. However, at his core, Camus believed that life was an opportunity to rise above death to accomplish more and do better. The greatest sin was a resignation to death and despair, an indifference to the opportunities afforded to you by free will. In the randomness of life, â€Å"things happen†. Small coastal towns suffer a swift, arbitrary attack of bubonic plague, and Algerian authors die in car crashes when they should have been taking the train. The ultimate question of Existentialism is, â€Å"does life have any meaning? † Ultimately, the key question of Existentialism is answered by that philosophy’s’ very tenets. Life is afforded meaning by the individual, a meaningful life is lived through one’s specific actions to the â€Å"things that happen† in the randomness of one’s existence.